scholarly journals Variation of Entrances, Food Storage and Brood Cells of Trigona laeviceps Bees from Various Habitat

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
I Made Gatot Wija Damara ◽  
Ni Luh Watiniasih ◽  
Ni Made Suartini
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Oval Shape ◽  
Different Altitudes ◽  
Tubular Form

Trigona is a stingless bee that protects itself by swarming and biting. The bee products that are widely used in addition to honey are propolis, wax and the royal jelly. Trigona bee is one of potentially honey producer that has not been widely known. One species of trigona bee found in Bali is the Trigona laeviceps. They are nested in the crevices of rocks or in the tree trunk. This research aims to determine variations of entrance shapes, food storage, and brood cells of T. laeviceps from different altitudes. Colonies were observed in the Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Basic Sciences, Udayana University, and nest entrance was analyzed in the Analytic Laboratory, Udayana University. Colonies were collected from bamboo nest in a tubular form and wooden nest from wooden boxes. Nest entrance is either flat or protruded out of the nest in an oval shape. The form of the entrance is not affected by the altitude. The nest entrance contained around 0,05 % flavonoids. The size and shape of pollen and honey pots volume was lightly lager in colonies collected from altitudes more than 400m above sea level (0.058 ± 0.04 mm³) than colonies collected from altitudes less than 400 m above sea level (0.035 ± 0.03 mm³). Royal jelly pots and brood cells have also similar shapes, but the volume is larger in colonies collected from altitudes less than 400 m above sea level (0.015 ± 0.07mm³) compared to altitude of more than 400 m above sea level (0.011 ± 0.02 mm³ )

Changes of Ionic and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of the Snowpack at the Glacier Austre Okstindbreen, Norway, 1995

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Raben ◽  
Wilfred H. Theakstone
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic Composition ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Liquid Precipitation ◽  
Different Altitudes

Marked vertical variations of ions and oxygen isotopes were present in the snowpack at the glacier Austre Okstindbreen during the pre-melting phase in 1995 at sites between 825 m and 1,470 m above sea level. As the first meltwater percolated from the top of the pack, ions were moved to a greater depth, but the isotopic composition remained relatively unchanged. Ions continued to move downwards through the pack during the melting phase, even when there was little surface melting and no addition of liquid precipitation. The at-a-depth correlation between ionic concentrations and isotopic ratios, strong in the pre-melting phase, weakened during melting. In August, concentrations of Na+ and Mg2+ ions in the residual pack were low and vertical variations were slight; 18O enrichment had occurred. The difference of the time at which melting of the snowpack starts at different altitudes influences the input of ions and isotopes to the underlying glacier.

scholarly journals Correlates of Overweight in Children and Adolescents Living at Different Altitudes: The Peruvian Health and Optimist Growth Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Carla Santos ◽  
Alcibíades Bustamante ◽  
Donald Hedeker ◽  
Olga Vasconcelos ◽  
Rui Garganta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Level ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Overweight Prevalence ◽  
Different Altitudes

Background and Aim. Overweight prevalence in children and adolescents shows great variability which is related to individual-level and environmental-level factors. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with overweight in Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. Methods. 8568 subjects, aged 6–16 y, from the sea level, Amazon, and high-altitude regions were sampled. Overweight was identified using BMI; biological maturation and physical fitness were measured; school characteristics were assessed via an objective audit. Results. Overweight prevalence decreased with age (28.3% at 6 y to 13.9% at 16 y); it was higher in girls (21.7%) than boys (19.8%) and was higher at the sea level (41.3%), compared with Amazon (18.8%) and high-altitude (6.3%) regions. Approximately 79% of the variance in overweight was explained by child-level characteristics. In Model 1, all child-level predictors were significant (p<0.001); in Model 2, six out of nine added school-level predictors (number of students, existence of policies and practices for physical activity, multisports-roofed, duration of Physical Education classes, and extracurricular activities) were significant (p<0.001); in Model 3, subjects living at high altitudes were less likely to be overweight than those living at the sea level. Conclusions. Child- and school-level variables played important roles in explaining overweight variation. This information should be taken into account when designing more efficient strategies to combat the overweight and obesity epidemic.

RESPONSE OF MU-MESON DETECTORS DEEP IN THE ATMOSPHERE TO PRIMARY COSMIC-RAY PARTICLES OF MAGNETIC RIGIDITY BETWEEN 10 AND 25 GV

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1643-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mathews ◽  
G. G. Sivjee
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
Corrected Data ◽  
Counter Telescope ◽  
East West ◽  
Different Altitudes

The cosmic-ray mu-meson intensities at three different altitudes at the equator were measured as a function of zenith and azimuth angles by means of a portable scintillation counter telescope of semi-opening angles 23°. The data were analyzed to assess the effects of differences in pi- and mu-meson decay rates on the intensity of the penetrating ionizing component at different zenith angles. It was found that the changes of intensity as a function of zenith angles could be attributed almost entirely to differences in atmospheric absorption, provided that at all zenith angles the threshold rigidities were the same. Hence the intensities measured at different zenith angles in the east–west plane at the equator could be corrected to remove the atmospheric effects and the corrected data used for determining the response of meson detectors at sea level to particles of rigidity up to 25 GV. The response curve thus obtained is presented and compared with that obtained from sea-level latitude surveys by means of ionization chambers.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Identification of Phenolic Compound from the Honey of Stingless Bee by Using HPLC

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asma Nisar ◽  
Awang Bono ◽  
Hina Ahmad ◽  
Ambreen Lateef ◽  
Maham Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Reversed Phase Hplc ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

Apitherapy is a branch of alternative medicine that uses honey bee products including honey, propolis, pollen, bee venom, and royal jelly. Stingless bee honey reportedly has many medicinal and therapeutic uses and excellent potency. This study aimed to identify the phenolic compounds using a fast and specific reversed-phase HPLC method in the extract of stingless bee honey. A magnetic stirrer was used for the pretreatment process of a sample with methanol at a temperature of 50°C for 40 min, followed by separation on a column size of 250 mm x 4.6 mm (5μm) hypersil gold-C18 (Thermo Electron Corporation) with water–methanol–acetonitrile (45:40:15 v/v/v) containing acetic acid 1.0% as a mobile phase. A 254-nm wavelength was used to detect the extract. The standard retention times of the gallic acid, rutin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were found to be at 2.610, 2.875, 3.150, 5.789, and 8.983 min, respectively. The existence of gallic acid, rutin, ascorbic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin in the stingless bee honey extract was found to match according to the standard retention time. In the stingless bee honey, the retention times of gallic acid, rutin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were found to be at 2.613, 2.866, 3.157, 5.790, and 8.966 min, respectively. In the stingless bee honey, the amounts of gallic acid, rutin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were 1.426%, 2.533%, 16.922%, 1.851%, and 13.773%, respectively. According to the results, it is concluded that stingless bee honey is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds that have strong antioxidant properties.

Occurrence of multiple nest entrance in the stingless bee Tetragonula travancorica (Hymenoptera: Meliponini)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
P. Faseeh ◽  
S. Shanas
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Different Types

Multiple nest entrance occurs in the stingless bee Tetragonula travancorica Shanas & Faseeh at a low frequency (2.3%). Different types of multiple nest entrances are described and its significance discussed.

scholarly journals Blood pressure levels among Indigenous children living at different altitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Hirschler ◽  
Claudia Molinari ◽  
Gustavo Maccallini ◽  
Patricia Intersimone ◽  
Claudio Daniel Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Different Altitudes

The objective was to compare blood pressure (BP) levels in 2 groups of Indigenous Argentine school children from similar ethnic backgrounds but living at different altitudes. One hundred and fifty-two (46.3%) children (age, 4–14 years) from San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), at 3750 m above sea level, and 176 children (53.7%) from Chicoana (CH), at 1400 m above sea level, participated in this cross-sectional study. Data for children’s anthropometry, BP, glucose, lipids, vitamin D, and insulin, as well as mothers’ height and weight were assessed. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥ 95th percentile. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among children was significantly lower in SAC (n = 17, 11.2%) than in CH (n = 74, 42%) (body mass index (BMI) > 85th percentile per US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention norms). However, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher among children in SAC (n = 15, 9.9%) than among those in CH (n = 2, 1.1%). Children were divided into 4 groups by mean arterial BP quartiles for comparison by ANOVA. As mean arterial BP increased, age, BMI, glucose, triglycerides, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels increased significantly. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that children’s mean arterial BP was significantly associated with altitude adjusted for confounding variables (R2 = 0.42). Furthermore, when mean arterial BP was replaced by systolic BP (R2 = 0.51) or diastolic BP (R2 = 0.33), similar results were obtained. Our results suggest that Indigenous children who live permanently at high altitude have higher levels of BP, adjusted for confounding variables. Routine BP measurements conducted in the SAC community could be essential for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

The growth of children at different altitudes in Ethiopia

1972 ◽  
Vol 264 (864) ◽  
pp. 403-437 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Altitudes

In this study were observed the effects of two widely differing environments on the growth and maturation of children from a presumed genetically homogeneous Ethiopian population. Major environmental differences included altitude above sea level, temperature, probably rainfall and humidity, together with the incidence of infectious disease. The results indicate that highland children, particularly boys, are taller, heavier and bigger in most physical dimensions than are lowland children. In both groups skeletal maturation is retarded (by American White standards) during later childhood; this retardation is more marked in lowlanders. In both groups, however, there is marked acceleration of skeletal maturation during early puberty. Haemoglobin values increase much more rapidly in highland children, but surprisingly, differences in chest dimensions are not particularly marked. It is concluded that hypoxia of the degree found in the high-altitude group (approximately 3000 m) is not sufficient to affect adversely the growth of children. On the other hand, the increased incidence of infectious disease in the ‘lowlands’ (approximately 1500 m) and possibly the raised ambient temperature, may restrict growth and maturation of children living in this environment. Thus, in contrast to the situation in other high-altitude parts of the world, the highlands in Ethiopia appear to be more favourable to growth than the lowlands.

scholarly journals Meditation and Locus of Control in Relation to Altitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Capt(ex) Deepika Chamoli ◽  
Dr Rita Kumar ◽  
Prof. (Dr.) Abha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Creative Art ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Altitudes

The present study analyses the effect of meditation on locus of control of two groups(regular practitioners of meditation and non meditators) at two different altitudes (2535ft and 13500ft above sea level). The two groups comprised of Buddhist monks/Regular practitioners of meditation) and some locals in Yol Cantt (2535ft) and Lamayuru (13500ft). In the study it has been hypothesized that group one (Buddhist monks/Regular practitioners of meditation) at both the altitudes are inclined towards internal locus of control (internalism) whereas the second group is more inclined towards external locus of control (externalism). Total 100 individuals, 25 monks and 25 laymen from both areas were assessed by administering Rotter’s locus of control scale. Self-reported responses of the subjects were recorded, scored and subjected to ‘t’test analysis. It was established that group practicing regular meditation (monks) is more inclined towards internal locus of control. The study has suggested that the individual practicing meditation at both the altitudes have more inclination towards internal locus of control and non regular practitioner have also shown inclination towards internal locus of control at higher altitude. Subjects who are following some religious practices, creative art etc. also have more of internalism. Internalism is also more prevalent in high altitude.

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