Correlation Between English Education Study Program Students’ Strategies in Learning English Pronunciation and Their Achievement in Speaking

The aim of this research was to identify students’ pronunciation learning strategies and speaking achievement among students of the English Study Program at Universitas Bengkulu. Then, the research would like to find out whether or not there was any significant correlation between both variables. The research was a correlational research. The population consisted of 79 students of the English Education Study Program at Universitas Bengkulu in academic year 2018/2019. The total sample included 79 students. The instruments were pronunciation learning strategies questionnaire and students’ score in speaking for presentation course from the lecturer. The collected data were analyed by Pearson Product Moment formula. The result of this research showed that the Social Strategy was the most frequently used with a mean score 3.9 (“often” category). Then, high achievement students and middle achievement students used all strategies. The means of strategy score for high acchievement students was 3.9 and the middle achievement students was 2.98. The result of this research also revealed that there was a correlation between students’ pronunciation learning strategies and speaking achievement besause the correlation coefficient was 0.595, in “moderate” correlation category. It is concluded that it is needed to strength students’ achievement through introducing pronunciation learning strategies deeply.

Business Strategy and R&D Expenditures

This research testifies that there is a positive relationship between business strategy and R&D expenditures based on the data from the listed firms in China. The paper also finds that the management myopic behaviour would make the firms reduce the R&D spending when the strategy score is in the higher level. Furthermore, the research shows the positive relationship between strategy and R&D expenditures still exits when the firms are SOEs and the firms have medium or high level of internal control quality. The result is robustness even after making the endogeneity tests.

ANALISIS EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION (EFE) MATRIX DAN INTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION (IFE) MATRIX PADA MASTERPIECE FAMILY KARAOKE KOTA BENGKULU

Masterpiece family karaoke Bengkulu city, is one of the industry focusing in family entertainment by presenting adequate facilities and services and more practical karaoke system, also sell a variety of food and beverages and various promotional packages, the use of play songs play store applications Masterpiece KTV through mobile phones. This study aim is to determine the analysis of external and internal matrix in Masterpiece family karaoke Bengkulu city. Data collection methods in this study is to use questionnaires by giving questions to the 75 respondents. The analytical method used is an external internal matrix. From the calculation of external internal strategy factor, it is obtained that internal strategy factor score of 3.89 and total external factor strategy score of 3.87. From the results of this study masterpiece family karaoke city Bengkulu lies in cell 1 by using growth strategy that is growth and concentration through vertical integration. Growth strategy with vertical integration is a strategy done by expanding the company by taking over the function of the supplier or taking over the distributor's function.Keywords: Marketing Strategy, External Internal Matrix Analysis

O6.3. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND CORTICAL LEVELS OF GLUTAMATE AND GABA IN ANTIPSYCHOTIC-NAïVE PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA OR PSYCHOSIS

Background Dysfunctional glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission may be part of the schizophrenia pathophysiology and underlie cognitive deficits. Abnormal levels of glutamate and GABA have been found in patients with first-episode psychosis or schizophrenia, and studies of mainly medicated patients have reported correlations between cortical glutamate and GABA levels and cognitive performance. However, the association between metabolites and cognitive deficits may be altered by treatment. Therefore, we investigated if glutamate and GABA levels in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were associated with cognitive function in a large group of antipsychotic-naïve patients compared with matched healthy controls and tested the hypothesis that cognitive deficits in patients are related to altered levels of glutamate and GABA. Methods We recruited 56 antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia or psychotic disorder and 51 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and parental education. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure glutamate and GABA levels in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on a 3T scanner. The cognitive domains attention (outcome was rapid visual information processing A’ (RVP A’)) and working memory (outcome was spatial working memory (SWM) strategy) were assessed with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, and premorbid intelligence estimated with the Danish Adult Reading Test (DART) (outcome was number of words correctly pronounced). A multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate if levels of glutamate and GABA were different in patients compared with healthy controls, and thereafter to test if glutamate and GABA levels were associated with cognitive performance in the two groups (significant main effect) and if the association differed (significant interaction). SWM strategy score were logarithmically transformed because of non-normality. Results Levels of GABA in dorsal ACC were lower in the antipsychotic-naïve patients compared with healthy controls (SCZ: 2.24±0.35; HC: 2.40±0.33, p=0.03), but glutamate levels did not differ significantly between patients and healthy controls (SCZ: 10.75±1.45; HC: 10.91±1.17, p=0.54). Patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls in tests of attention (mean RVP A’ score SCZ: 0.89±0.05; HC: 0.94±0.04, p<0.001) and premorbid IQ (mean DART score SCZ: 17.4±6.5; HC: 21.5±5.3, p=0.001), whereas groups did not differ significantly in SWM strategy score (Median score SCZ: 27.0 (22.0–32.0); HC: 23.0 (19.0–30.0), p=0.18). Higher levels of glutamate were associated with better performance in tests of attention (b=0.01, p=0.016) and SWM (b=-0.02, p=0.008, higher score indicates worse performance) in both patients and healthy controls. The association between cognitive performance and glutamate did not differ significantly between the two groups (both interactions insignificant). There were no significant associations between cognitive function and levels of GABA in dorsal ACC. Discussion This is the largest study of antipsychotic-naïve patients to date to investigate the association between cortical glutamate and GABA levels and cognitive function. We found no group differences in levels of glutamate, but lower GABA levels, which indicates reduced GABAergic neurotransmission in dorsal ACC in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and psychosis. Higher levels of glutamate in dorsal ACC were associated with better cognitive function. However, glutamate levels did not explain the differences in cognitive performance between patients and healthy controls, indicating that other neurotransmitters are important as well.

Measuring Founding Strategy

We propose an approach to measure strategy using text-based machine learning. The key insight is that distance in the statements made by companies can be partially indicative of their strategic positioning with respect to each other. We formalize this insight by proposing a new measure of strategic positioning---the strategy score---and defining the assumptions and conditions under which we can estimate it empirically. We then implement this approach to score the strategic positioning of a large sample of startups in Crunchbase in relation to contemporaneous public companies. Startups with a higher founding strategy score have higher equity outcomes, reside in locations with more venture capital, and receive a higher amount of financing in seed financing events. One implication of this result is that founding strategic positioning is important for startup performance.

GIZAChain: e-Government Interoperability Zone Alignment, based on blockchain technology

E-government provides access to services anytime anywhere. There are many e-Government frameworks already exist to integrate e-government services, but efficient full interoperability still a challenge. Interoperability per se can be modeled via four maturity stages, in which the interoperability zone is the holy grail of full interoperability to be reached ultimately with strategy alignment. As e-government services shift in the same way as e-commerce with value chain, this implicitly implies the possibility of benefiting from blockchain with e-government. Blockchain is a nascent promising architecture, whose transactions are permanent, verifiable, and recorded in a distributed ledger. This research article suggests applying blockchain in achieving e- government interoperability. Forms are juxtaposed on the outer borders of the system. These forms adopt those used by UK government, because they are standard as well as they are available for Python developers. Once a form has been completed, PySOA calls the requested service, before storing the data in Ontology Blockchain. After the service is performed, the policies are analyzed in batch processing using quantgov. A report is submitted to the central government periodically. Ontology Blockchain has a dual effect. On the one hand, it works as a secure data storage. On the other hand, it cooperates with PySOA in supporting both technology and semantic interoperability . The most important feature of the proposed method is the presence of (Government Interoperability Zone Alignment; GIZA), which acts as a backbone that coherently connects the internal subcomponents. This linkage is possible, because each form has an title, that corresponds to the appropriate service name. Each service in turn has a counterpart in the wallets stored in Ontology blockchain. To measure interoperability empirically, there is a need for metrics. This study adopts and quantizes a standard interoperability matrix along three dimensions of interoperability of Conceptual (Syntax& Semantics), Organizational (Responsibilities& Organization per se), and Technology (Platform& Communication). While concerns are : data, business, service, and process. Any deviation from the standard could contributes to the interoperability score (counting mismatches) or interoperability grade (counting absolute differences). An estimation is performed, for 1000 total random cases. It is estimated that the probability of getting a conceptual/technical interoperability score as large as the standard strategy score is (713 /1000 = 0.713 (2 in 3). It is estimated too that the probability of getting a organizational interoperability score as large as the standard strategy score is (712 /1000 = 0.712 (2 in 3). Then, Markov model is proposed to provide an accurate representation of the evolution of the strategies over time.

GIZAChain: e-Government Interoperability Zone Alignment, based on blockchain technology

E-government provides access to services anytime anywhere. There are many e-Government frameworks already exist to integrate e-government services, but efficient full interoperability still a challenge. Interoperability per se can be modeled via four maturity stages, in which the interoperability zone is the holy grail of full interoperability to be reached ultimately with strategy alignment. As e-government services shift in the same way as e-commerce with value chain, this implicitly implies the possibility of benefiting from blockchain with e-government. Blockchain is a nascent promising architecture, whose transactions are permanent, verifiable, and recorded in a distributed ledger. This research article suggests applying blockchain in achieving e- government interoperability. Forms are juxtaposed on the outer borders of the system. These forms adopt those used by UK government, because they are standard as well as they are available for Python developers. Once a form has been completed, PySOA calls the requested service, before storing the data in Ontology Blockchain. After the service is performed, the policies are analyzed in batch processing using quantgov. A report is submitted to the central government periodically. Ontology Blockchain has a dual effect. On the one hand, it works as a secure data storage. On the other hand, it cooperates with PySOA in supporting both technology and semantic interoperability . The most important feature of the proposed method is the presence of (Government Interoperability Zone Alignment; GIZA), which acts as a backbone that coherently connects the internal subcomponents. This linkage is possible, because each form has an title, that corresponds to the appropriate service name. Each service in turn has a counterpart in the wallets stored in Ontology blockchain. To measure interoperability empirically, there is a need for metrics. This study adopts and quantizes a standard interoperability matrix along three dimensions of interoperability of Conceptual (Syntax& Semantics), Organizational (Responsibilities& Organization per se), and Technology (Platform& Communication). While concerns are : data, business, service, and process. Any deviation from the standard could contributes to the interoperability score (counting mismatches) or interoperability grade (counting absolute differences). An estimation is performed, for 1000 total random cases. It is estimated that the probability of getting a conceptual/technical interoperability score as large as the standard strategy score is (713 /1000 = 0.713 (2 in 3). It is estimated too that the probability of getting a organizational interoperability score as large as the standard strategy score is (712 /1000 = 0.712 (2 in 3). Then, Markov model is proposed to provide an accurate representation of the evolution of the strategies over time.

ANALISIS PENGARUH SUSTAINABILITY TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI PERTAMBANGAN BATU BARA

<p><em>Sustainability </em>adalah sebuah cara bagaimana sebuah perusahaan meminimalkan kerusakan yang terjadi yang disebabkan oleh perusahaan terhadap lingkungan, sosial dan apakah sebuah perusahaan memiliki sebuah tata kelola perusahaan yang baik. Sektor industri batu bara dimana di dalam proses produksinya sangat berkaitan dengan lingkungan dan sosial tentunya sangat berkaitan dengan <em>sustainability</em>. <em>Sustainability </em>dapat diukur dengan menggunakan <em>ESG Score </em>yaitu skor <em>environment, social </em>dan <em>governance </em>secara umum dan secara khusus dengan secara khusus dibagi lagi menjadi, <em>Resource Use Score, Emissions Score, Environmental Innovation Score, Workforce Score, Human Rights Score, Community Score, Product Responsibility Score, Management Score, Shareholders Score</em>, dan <em>CSR Strategy Score</em>. Penelitian ini mencari pengaruh antara <em>ESG Score </em>dengan <em>return saham </em>dari perusahaan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan data panel. Hasilnya adalah variabel <em>management</em> dan <em>csr strategy</em> berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan <em>return saham </em>perusahaan dalam sektor industri <em>coal mining</em><em>.</em></p>Kata Kunci: <em>sustainability, coal mining, esg score, return </em>saham