Clear aligner therepy – A review

Aesthetics is a major factor in Orthodontic treatment and it is a primary concern among patients seeking orthodontic treatment. To meet the growing aesthetic desire for an alternative to traditional braces, researchers have created a variety of alternatives, including ceramic or composite braces, lingual orthodontics, and transparent aligners. Clear aligner therapy is a treatment that consists of a set of clear dental appliances that are custom-made to fit the contour of a patient's teeth. Clear Aligners are an alternative to traditional braces that are used to guide teeth into appropriate alignment. Clear aligners, like braces, utilise a progressive force to regulate tooth movement, but without the need of metal wires or brackets.

Between Physiology and Psychology—Ethology and Animal Feelings

This chapter explores scientific thinking about animal behaviour and welfare from the late nineteenth century onwards. After a period of unsystematic investigations of animal cognition and feelings (affective states), many researchers abandoned allegedly anthropomorphic approaches in favour of new mechanistic behaviourist models. Interest in the evolutionary roots and purpose of behaviour was gradually revived by ethologists from the interwar period onwards. While senior continental ethologists shied away from research on animal feelings, a growing number of Anglo-American ethologists questioned supposed divides between animal and human cognition and anthropomorphic taboos associated with studying affective states. In post-war Britain, the University Federation of Animal Welfare and ethologists Julian Huxley and William Homan Thorpe used research on behaviour and stress to call for improved welfare. Their actions were strongly influenced by Edwardian concepts of science as a progressive force for the moral and spiritual improvement of human society.

The European Green Movement in Times of Crisis: New Approaches

The article traces the ideological evolution of the European Green Movement from radical opposition to political conformism and pragmatism. Two fundamentally important moments characterize the development of “green” ideology in Europe: first, reliance on civil society and, second, an emergency/crisis as a necessary condition and impetus for development. Due to the belonging of the European ecological parties to the left wing of the traditional political spectrum, there is a convergence of political positions of the “Greens” and “Leftists” in Europe: nowadays, the party programs of the “Greens” are predominantly socio-ecological in nature. They are based on the Sustainable Development concept adopted in 1992 by the states of the world, which “reconciles” the environment with the economy. On the example of the German environmental party “Union 90/Greens”– the largest and most influential ecological party in the world – one can clearly see the development vector: from an alternative (opposition) political force to the third largest party in power (following the elections to the Bundestag in 2021), which became “the progressive force of the left-center”, the stronghold of the “green bourgeoisie”. The large-scale crisis of 2019–2021 associated with the COVID-19 pandemic played into the hands of the German Greens in the sense that it significantly contributed to a shift in priorities towards “green” politics and Green Economy in Western Europe and around the world, particularly as Germany is the main mastermind and beneficiary of the Green Deal in Europe. According to this trend, all ecological parties of Western Europe benefit from the crisis and are actually becoming parties of the political mainstream.

Deformation Resistance of Palatal Plate Connectors in Removable Partial Dentures

The aim of our study was to evaluate the deformation resistance of two palatal plate type connectors of removable partial dentures and to make a comparison between the reduced palatal plates and the large ones, in terms of bending resistance during function. We tested 10 maxillary class I Kennedy removable partial dentures made for real clinical cases and duplicated their connectors, 5 of each type. A Universal Loading Machine was used to apply a bilateral progressive force to the PM2-M1 area until the samples bended, recording the force value at which the first change occurred. The results were analyzed using the ANOVA method. For the reduced palatal plate group, the minimum bending force value was 1584 N, the maximum bending force value being 2920 N. For the large palatal plate group, the minimum bending force value was 3150 N, the maximum value being 3380 N. Statistical analysis of data using the ANOVA method shows that the results are statistically relevant, with a p value of 0,001031 (p[0,05). The results showed that decreasing the width of the palatal plate can have a significant effect on the deformation resistance of the major connector and can affect its rigidity; in clinical practice, these results can help dentists to use alternative appropriate design methods of increasing the rigidity of reduced palatal plates, in order to protect both the remaining structures and the acrylic components of the dentures during the years of its functioning. Keywords: palatal plate, removable partial denture, deformation resistance

KRIS NUSANTARA: KRIS AS A BOND OF SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES SHIFTS INTO INDIVIDUAL-CULTURAL BONDS AND AS ASSETS IN BUSINESS ALTERNATIVES

Kris as an artifact is an expression of community culture in the form of artifacts as the result of ideas and human behavior in the community (in this case Javanese society). Kris which was originally used as a bond in socio-cultural values turned into individual-cultural bonds that could be used as assets in business alternatives. To reach the objectives, the steps of research that are carried out with a qualitative research model with a cultural approach are needed, referring to the teachings of Javanese culture in accordance with the philosophy of Javanese culture. This research produces preservation kris, which is stored and treated as one of the culture of kelangenan, as a cultural heritage, and in conservation, namely conservation by trying to develop values in accordance with the social institutions of the community. Kris as a national cultural asset leads to a conservation-progressive force. The tough kris that develops in the kris community is revitalizing conservation (sanggit), vitally still referring to traditional art as its main reference. Kris in the latest development has become a trend in the development of the art business.

Comparison of Classic and Metal Reinforced Maxillary Acrylic Complete Dentures Fracture Resistance

The aim of our study was to evaluate fracture resistance of the PMMA complete dentures and to make a comparison between the classic acrylic maxillary complete dentures and the metal-reinforced ones, in terms of fracture resistance during function and to compare the fracture pattern of the two groups of complete dentures. We used maxillary complete dentures made of heat-processed acrylate, 5 exclusively and 5 in which a metal-cast net in the form of a mesh was inserted after being casted, worn by patients for a period of 5 years. A bilateral progressive force was applied to the PM2-M1 area until the samples failed, recording the force value at which the first change occurred. A Universal Loading Machine was used. The results were analyzed using the ANOVA method. For the classic acrylic complete dentures group, the minimum fracture force value was 1060 N, the maximum fracture force value being 2443 N. For the reinforced complete dentures group, the minimum fracture force value was 3320 N, the maximum value being 3760 N. Statistical analysis of data using the ANOVA shows that the results are statistically relevant, with a p value of 0.000137 (p[0,05). All the dentures from the classic acrylic complete dentures group fractured presenting two or more fracture lines, most of them involving also fractures on the acrylic teeth and breaking into multiple pieces, while all the dentures from the reinforced complete dentures group fractured presenting one or two fracture lines, most of them without detachable fragments and involving also fractures on the acrylic teeth.

The Nature of Improvement in Ireland

Like its English and Scottish equivalents, improvement in nineteenth-century Ireland depicts itself as a civilising force, cultivating nature by means of a range of progressive methods. However, at this point, Irish improvement was shaped by particular events, such as the 1798 Rebellion and the Act of Union. In the writings of Mary Leadbeater, Martin Doyle, and William Blacker, for example, nature is implicitly equated with history, violence, and Catholicism. I argue here that a range of improvement projects – from the dissemination of didactic fictions to the activities of agricultural societies – are directed at the socialising or conventionalising of Irish ‘nature’. Indeed, Ireland is characterised as excessively natural and in need of the middling domestication provided by modern agricultural techniques and tidy cottages. In conveying information and practical advice on soil, pigs, and seeds, improvement sought to be a progressive force, one capable of shifting public debate beyond persistent historical antagonisms towards a supposedly neutral realm of practical inquiry and activity. To that end, improvement found itself relying far more on the participation of women, labourers, and the very small farmers of the countryside than on the relatively few large landowners in residence on their estates