The View of Yakutsk Town in art from the collection of the National Art Museum of The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Визуальные образы, сохраненные в виде рисунков, гравюр, фотодокументальных материалов, являются важной частью реконструкции исторического прошлого народа. Раннее конструирование образа г. Якутска нашло отражение в рисунках и гравюрах российских и зарубежных исследователей и художников XVII–XVIII веков. Так, Вторая Камчатская экспедиция, работавшая в 1733–1743 годах по государственному заказу, одним из направлений своей работы избрала визуальную фиксацию и точную информацию по географии, этнографии коренного населения региона, проспектов городов. Цель представленного в статье исследования — выявление и комплексный анализ ранних изображений города Якутска в графических произведениях XVII–XVIII веков. На основе гравюры художника Гравировальной палаты Академии наук А.Г. Рудакова с рисунка И.В. Люрсениуса, рисовальщика академического отряда Второй Камчатской экспедиции, и графической работы французского пейзажиста Л.Н. Леспинасса из собрания Национального художественного музея Республики Саха (Якутия) показано значение видовых проспектов г. Якутска как ранних художественных репрезентаций города Якутска. Сделан вывод о том, что эти материалы способствовали накоплению сведений о Якутске, одном из старинных городов Сибири. Visual images that were preserved in the forms of drawings, engravings, and photographic documentations are an important part of the reconstruction of the historical past of the people. The early reconstruction of the image of Yakutsk was reflected in drawings and engravings by Russian and foreign researchers and artists of the 17th and 18th centuries. Thus, the Second Kamchatka expedition, which worked under the state order in 1733 to 1743, was aimed at visual fixation and accurate information on geography, ethnography of the indigenous population of the region, city avenues. The purpose of the study is to identify and comprehensively analyze the early images of Yakutsk in the graphic pictures of the 17th – 18th centuries. Based on the works of the draftsman of the academic detachment of the Second Kamchatka Expedition I.V. Lursenius, the artist of the Engraving Chamber of the Academy of Sciences A.G. Rudakov, the French landscape painter L.N. Lespinass from the collection of the National Art Museum of The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the significance of the view avenues of Yakutsk as early artistic representations of Yakutsk is shown. It is concluded that these materials contributed to the accumulation of information about Yakutsk, one of the ancient towns of Siberia.

White-Eyed Orbital Blowout Fracture: A Retrospective Study of 22 Patients

Background and Objectives The study reports on the clinical experience of repairing white-eyed orbital blow out fracture through a retrospective study of various incidences of white-eyed orbital blow out fracture that resulted in different treatment methods and outcomes.Subjects and Method A retrospective study was performed on 22 patients with white-eyed blowout fracture who underwent operation between March 2009 and June 2019 at our clinic. Patients were divided into 2 groups by age: 6 to 12 and 13 to 18. A review of medical records included demographic data, cause of injury, preoperative symptoms, trauma to operation time and surgical outcomes including improvement of postoperative ocular symptoms and complications.Results The study population included 20 males and 2 female patients ranging from 6 to 18 years (mean, 14.2 years) of age. Fifteen of 21 patients with diplopia or limitation of eyeball movement showed a complete improvement of symptoms after surgery and 6 (28.5%) had remaining symptoms. One patient had no ocular symptom, but had oculocardiac reflex including nausea and vomiting. Two cases were re-operated due to adhesion of graft material. There was one sinus infection related to the implant.Conclusion This study shows that early reconstruction and release of incarcerated muscle within 5 days after trauma for white-eyed blowout fracture gives successful result that does not accompany major complications. All of the 22 patients who were operated for white-eyed blowout fractures had successful results.

Anal Necrosis - A Rare Entity Following Treatment with Herbal Supplements and Herbal Injections

Anal necrosis is an extremely rare and uncommon disease. It has a rich collateral blood supply. The most common etiology of anal necrosis in the elderly is ischemic secondary to atherosclerosis but anal necrosis in young with no predisposing factor is infrequent thus impeling the authors to write a report. A young middle aged male presented to our emergency department with pain and foul smelling discharge from the anal canal. There was prior history of anal fistula and a recent treatment with herbal medication. The patient underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirming anal canal necrosis with infection. The patient was in septic shock. Antibiotics and supportive volume resuscitation was carried out for managing sepsis. He also underwent prompt debridement with defunctioning loop colostomy. Early reconstruction of the anal canal spinchters and flap construction of the skin and subcutaneous tissue was done to prevent loss of anal canal spinchters control and further morbidity.

Who Has Benefited? A Socio-Ecological Chronology of Urban Resilience in the Early Reconstruction of Talca after the 27-F Earthquake, Chile 2010–2012

This article engages in the understanding of resilience from the perspective of socio-ecological systems (SES) and the reconstitution of events of recovery and reconstruction in the city of Talca after the 27-F earthquake in Chile, between 2010 and 2012. For such purposes, we have developed a chronological or timeline-analysis model. This methodology, which uses mostly ethnographic and participant-observation techniques to recapitulate these events, observes the interaction of social agents, elements of the built environment, government institutions, and other institutional functions of the urban domain within the socio-ecological panarchy. The results suggest that key events, such as local government institutional actions, the observation of probable property speculation events, and community agency efforts dismissal, among other factors, could alter both human and natural resilience processes. In turn, this could affect the capacity of this city, its inhabitants, and its social institutions to endure future crises, as a product of deteriorated and maladaptive resilience mechanisms, aside from the natural and geographical conditions of Chile, exposed to future earthquake events. Likewise, the partial loss of the civic environment in this historic city and weakened neighborhood networks, contrasting with the redevelopment of real estate in central areas, altogether portray considerable risks with regard to the (un)generated social mechanisms of resilience, affecting future developments. The final section focuses on discussing these findings and their relevance in integrating a coherent understanding of SES resilience in urban planning and governance practice, especially in cities or urban areas that are prone to natural risks or catastrophes.

The Origins of Incivility in Nursing: How Reconstruction-Era Policies and Organizations Impacted Social Behavior Within the Nursing Profession

Historians and scholars from varied disciplines acknowledge the existence of race-based discriminatory policies at the turn of the 20th century. However, little attention has been given to how the Freedmen's Bureau and Black Codes in post-Civil War Reconstruction shaped and impacted social behavior within the nursing profession. This article sheds light on the origins of incivility in nursing by taking a closer look at how early Reconstruction-era policies, structures of hierarchy in the U.S. armed forces, and its nursing corps and in the Red Cross, impacted the profession. The argument is made that the tandem workings of these policies and organizations, which produced racially insensitive and discriminatory practices, primed and erected systems of structural racism that perpetuated incivility within the nursing profession.

Short-term Follow-up of Early Reconstructive Surgery Management in Neglected Supracondylar Humeral Fractures

BACKGROUND: The supracondylar humeral fracture is a fracture located in the proximal position of the trochlea and humeral capitulum. This fracture is the most common elbow fracture in children. Epidemiological research states that these fractures constitute 58% of all elbow fractures in children. It is also mentioned that 10–20% patients undergo belated admission to get therapy. Based on the literature, the fracture is categorized as neglected if the fracture treatment is 14 days post-trauma. Unfortunately, few reports can provide management guidelines. Some experts mention the “wait and see” attitude toward this fracture until a perfect remodeling happens to correct the deformity; however, a number of studies have shown good results after early reconstruction. AIM: We aimed to evaluate the short-term follow-up of supracondylar humeral fractures that came after 14 days of injury and then open reduction reconstructions were done, followed by the installation of K-wire and screws with the figure of eight patterns based on the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (Q-DASH) 9-score, Flynn’s Criteria, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). METHODS: The samples were five patients who underwent corrective open reduction and injury fixed with Kirschner (K)-wire and screws with the figure of eight patterns using the posterior approach at the Orthopedic Hospital from December 2019 to February 2020. Results were assessed with the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand-9 score (Q-DASH-9 score), Flynn’s Criteria, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). RESULTS: All patients after reconstruction correction showed an increase in range of motion in the fractured elbow. No complications were found from the surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Early reconstruction correction of patients with supracondylar humeral fractures gave satisfactory results based on the Q-DASH-9 Score, Flynn’s Criteria, and MEPS.

Early reconstruction of the burn contractures and sequels

The goal of burn reconstruction should be to preserve, restore, maintain function, and improve appearance so the patient can be reinserted to society. The major problem after burn is hypertrophic scar and contractures. Prevention starts early during the acute phase of the injury and continues to the rehabilitation period. Early excision and grafting improves skin quality and decreases scar hypertrophic formation. The use of splints, pressure garment and rehabilitation may help to prevent contractures. Burn contractures are tight and are due to a shortened scar that limits joint movement. Burn contracture needs to be released in several important areas of the body. Surgical procedures were performed in the acute phase to correct ectropion, microstomia, and to release burn scar contractures in the neck, axilla, and hand. Surgeries began 6 to 12 months after discharge and the purpose was to decrease hypertrophic scar and release contractures. Ablative fractional CO2 laser has revolutionized the scar treatment, decreasing the thickness of the scar, and improving mobility in the patients. We review the surgical procedures performed by plastic and reconstructive surgery during the acute and post-acute burn phase.