Early reconstruction of the burn contractures and sequels

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-586
Author(s):  
Ramon L Zapata-Sirvent
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Hypertrophic Scar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Burn Scar ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
Early Reconstruction ◽  
Skin Quality ◽  
Burn Contractures

The goal of burn reconstruction should be to preserve, restore, maintain function, and improve appearance so the patient can be reinserted to society. The major problem after burn is hypertrophic scar and contractures. Prevention starts early during the acute phase of the injury and continues to the rehabilitation period. Early excision and grafting improves skin quality and decreases scar hypertrophic formation. The use of splints, pressure garment and rehabilitation may help to prevent contractures. Burn contractures are tight and are due to a shortened scar that limits joint movement. Burn contracture needs to be released in several important areas of the body. Surgical procedures were performed in the acute phase to correct ectropion, microstomia, and to release burn scar contractures in the neck, axilla, and hand. Surgeries began 6 to 12 months after discharge and the purpose was to decrease hypertrophic scar and release contractures. Ablative fractional CO2 laser has revolutionized the scar treatment, decreasing the thickness of the scar, and improving mobility in the patients. We review the surgical procedures performed by plastic and reconstructive surgery during the acute and post-acute burn phase.

scholarly journals The clinical aspect of overweight on rheumatoid arthritis and disease activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Haitham Ahmed ◽  
Tagreed A. Al-Sadoon ◽  
Khudhair A. Khudhair
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serological Tests

Objective: To investigate the influence of obesity on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients and to determine a probable connection with the acute phase response.                                          Materials and methods: The recruited patients satisfied the criteria from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). To evaluate the body mass index (BMI), anthropometric tests were carried out at the Rheumatology Department at Baquba Teaching Hospital, which has a consultation unit. The serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) were measured from blood samples taken through the particle-enhanced (latex) immunonephelometry assays on the genius analyser (CO, Ltd. China) and test kits from IMTEC-CCP-Antibodies. RF screen and serological tests (latex) were carried out to determine the C-reactive protein (CRP), measure Hb and the total WBCs count, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was also carried out.                                                                                                                                                                        Results: The current study findings from the sample of RA patients showed that the proportion of patients falling into the overweight classification (BMI 25-29) was 80.6% while the obese classification (BMI 30-35) was 33.33%. Among the RF and ACCP-positive cases, a marginally stronger relationship between the development of RA and the history of obesity was found. Additionally, a significant correlation between acute phase response and free mass was found in RA patients (anti-CCP p-value≤ 0.00021 ESR p≤ 0.00072 Hb p≤ 0.00054, and W.B.C p =≤ 0.000.94, CRP p≤1).                                                                                                     Conclusion: The present study’s findings show an elevated prevalence of high body mass among the RA patients. Furthermore, a linear association existed between the fat free mass and the acute phase response.

Lateral cervical nucleus of the dog: anatomical and microelectrode studies

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Kitai ◽  
H. Ha ◽  
F. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medial Lemniscus ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lateral Cervical Nucleus

The lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) of the dog ( Canis familiaris) was investigated by histological and microelectrode technique. The LCN extends from the obex to the upper C3 and is located ventrolateral to the dorsal horn. Cell counts showed over 6,000 cells in the nuclei on both sides and the cell size varied from 20 to 45 µ. Single-unit analysis of the 220 neurons showed that the majority of cells responded to touch, some to pressure, some to pressure and touch, and an extremely limited number to joint movement. All responses were recorded from the ipsilateral half of the body. More than half of these neurons had small peripheral receptive fields located mostly in the distal parts of the limbs. The rest, with large receptive fields, were located mainly in the proximal parts of the limbs and the trunk. The peripheral receptive fields were almost equally distributed among the forelimb, trunk, and hindlimb for touch. The prominence of the hindlimb representation over the forelimb was found for pressure and for touch and pressure. The results indicate that the organization of the afferent input to the LCN has some similarity to that of the medial lemniscus system.

Microelectrode study of dorsal spinocerebellar tract

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Kitai ◽  
F. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Spinocerebellar Tract ◽  
Stimulation Of

The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) at C-1, C-2, and the lower medulla level was studied with microelectrodes in lightly anesthetized cats. All responses were obtained from the stimulation of the ipsilateral side of the body. The sensory modalities activating the total of 242 fibers studied were touch (53%), pressure (31%), touch and pressure (2%), and joint movement (14%). Responses to touch were more numerous for the forelimb, while responses to pressure and to joint movement were more numerous for the hind limb. Regardless of modalities the trunk was significantly less represented in the DSCT than the limbs. Tactile and pressure peripheral fields were restricted (i.e., a few hairs of a paw) and large (i.e., more than one segment of a limb). The ratio of restricted to large fields for touch was 7 to 1, and for pressure 5 to 1. Fibers activated by joint movements adjusted their frequency of firing to the degree of displacement and to the rate of the movement. There was no evidence for a separate anatomical segregation of fibers responding to a single sensory modality.

Afferent projections to the lateral cervical nucleus: a microelectrode study

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Morin ◽  
S. T. Kitai ◽  
H. Portnoy ◽  
C. Demirjian
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Afferent Projections ◽  
Lateral Cervical Nucleus ◽  
Degree Of Convergence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Stimulation Of

The lateral cervical nucleus was explored with microelectrodes in lightly anesthetized cats. Extracellular responses were recorded from 160 neurons following physiological stimulation of the ipsilateral side of the body from the neck to the tail. The stimuli activating the neurons were touch, pressure, and joint movement. Neurons responding to touch were more prevalent than neurons responding to pressure on the skin or on deep structures; those responding to joint movements were a small fraction of the neuronal sample studied. For the three stimuli tested, the limbs were more prominently represented than the trunk. Tactile and pressure peripheral fields activating single neurons were of three types: restricted (a few hairs, small areas within one segment of a limb), large (wide areas of the trunk, whole limb), and very large (whole ipsilateral aspect of the body, both limbs). Restricted fields were less numerous than the large fields. One-third of the fields activating single neurons following tactile stimulation was of the very large type. The existence of the very large fields indicated a high degree of convergence of afferents onto neurons of the cervical nucleus.

Sex Differences in Joint Mobility

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rene'
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Mobility ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
College Female ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Present Design

The primary purpose of this study was to provide a contemporary comparison of college female and male voluntary range of joint mobility. This was achieved by comparing the data collected in this study with that collected in an identical study in which male participants were used. Data were gathered from college females to determine their voluntary range of joint movement. One hundred female students at Texas ASM University participated in the study. The instruments used to take the measures were two hand-held bubble level electrogoniometers. Thirty-two movements of eight different joints of the body were measured. A second goal was to update and broaden the data base of female voluntary flexibility. This goal was met by reporting the data gathered from the female college sample and providing pertinent design information. In addition, the current female data were compared against present design standards. Finally, the present study data and that of the identical male study were combined to allow a comparison with an earlier study of sex differences in joint mobility. Results of this study indicate that females are generally more flexible than males. Significant differences were found to exist in twenty-six of the thiry-two comparisons made between this study and the corresponding male study. In twenty-four of these comparisons, females were found to have greater flexibility. The differences in joint mobility reported were attributed to real differences between the sexes since the methodologies were identical and the samples were drawn from equivalent populations. Comparisons between this study and the current design standards yielded conflicting results due to differences in methodologies and samples. Significant differences were found to exist in the comparisons made between the present data combined with the current male data and an earlier study concerning sex differences in flexibility. These differences were also attributed to differences in methodologies. Both comparisons drew the same conclusion, however: females are generally more flexible than males.

Factors Affecting Initial Strength Performance of a Hydroxylapatite-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Composite

1987 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Devine ◽  
Keith A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Particle Migration ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Implant Material ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate

Hydroxylapatite (HA) has been shown to be an efficacious bio-implant material in a number of surgical procedures[l]. A problem in the use of this material is that of particle migration away from the implant site. One method to resolve this problem is to mix the HA with calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CaSO4·0.5H2O, and allow the material to set to a gypsum/HA composite monolith[2]. The gypsum is resorbed by the body over a period of weeks, leaving the hydroxylapatite surrounded by newly generated tissue.

Range of Motion of Upper Limb Joint Angles During Two Tasks for Transradial Prosthetic Design

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Carey ◽  
M. Jason Highsmith ◽  
Rajiv Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Added Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Prosthetic Design ◽  
Upper Limb Prostheses ◽  
Compensatory Motion

During wartime, the numbers of amputees will likely increase adding to the need for progress in upper limb prosthetic design. Improvement of prostheses often requires knowledge of how the body adapts. Added weight and fatigue are complaints of upper limb prostheses users. Current improvements in the design of a transradial prosthesis include advanced technology in control systems and electronics that improve its functions. However, these improvements often require excess mass distally along the prosthesis. A transradial prosthesis without a dynamic wrist component may cause awkward compensatory motion in the shoulder and elbow. This work analyzes the ranges of joint movement of shoulder and elbow during two tasks: drinking from a cup and lifting a box. The main purpose of this study was to determine if simulating a basic transradial prosthesis by limiting motion of the forearm and wrist using a brace, would cause significant changes in the compensatory motion of the shoulder and elbow during the tasks. The second purpose of the study was to determine if the location of added mass of 96 g (mass of an electrical wrist rotator) would affect shoulder and elbow angles during these same tasks. A group of able-bodied participants were asked to complete the tasks during the following conditions: (1) no intervention (2) while wearing a brace that restricted forearm and wrist motion of their dominant arm (right) (3) wearing the same brace with a 96 g mass added near the elbow, (4) with the same brace and a 96 g mass added near the wrist. Subject movements were captured using a motion capture system and ranges of movement of shoulder and elbow, as well as degree of asymmetry (DoA) during the box lift were calculated for each subject. Three trials were collected for each test condition and were averaged as a representative for each subject. Statistical analysis of the results concluded that during drinking elbow flexion was significantly different in case 1 from the other 3 levels. Statistical analysis of lifting found significant differences in the dominant (right) shoulder and elbow flexion between all 4 levels, while their relative degree of symmetry was found to be statistically different between level 1 and 3–4. The study concludes that bracing limits forearm and wrist affects shoulder and elbow flexion and their relative DoA. The position of a 96g mass did not cause any statistical differences in the movements observed or in their DoA. Further testing will examine the transradial amputee population as well as the effects of position of added mass on joint torques during common tasks.

Evaluation of Temperature Transients at Various Body Temperature Measuring Sites Using a Fast Response Thermistor Bead Sensor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Vesnovsky ◽  
L. D. Timmie Topoleski ◽  
Laurence W. Grossman ◽  
Jon P. Casamento ◽  
Liang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Brain

Body temperature monitoring of humans has been an important tool for helping clinicians diagnose infections, detect fever, monitor thermoregulation functions during surgical procedures, and assess post-surgery recovery.1–3 Fever itself is typically not considered a disease. It is a response of the body to a disease, which is often inflammatory in nature. Elevation of the set point at the body temperature control center, the brain hypothalamus, is caused by circulating pyrogens produced by the immune system responding to diseases. Since the brain hypothalamus is not easily accessed by thermometers, other body locations have been identified as alternative measuring sites. Those sites include the pulmonary artery, rectum, bladder, distal esophagus and nasopharynx, sublingual surface of the tongue, under the armpit, tympanic membrane, and forehead.

scholarly journals Surgical Removal of Defects in the Palate with the Use of TiNi Mesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
M.N. Shakirov ◽  
R.N. Dzhonibekova ◽  
I.D. Tazin ◽  
X.O. Gafarov ◽  
V.Y. Mitasov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Body Tissues

Application of a thin- profiled mesh NiTi with filaments thickness of 40 micrometer sand with the cell size of 3x3-5x5 mm for patients allows to improve the quality of the surgical technique in conducting surgical procedures for eliminating different forms and sizes of the palate defects. Due to its biochemical, biophysical compatibility with the body tissues and the peculiar integration properties a connective tissue grows around and through the structure of the implant by forming a durable frame. At the same time this process takes place by type of covering the muco-periosteal cover from the wound periphery to the center of the palate, over the implant material and completes with the full elimination of the existing defect. The developed method should be considered as minimally invasive surgical techniques and is recommended as a method of choice for patients with various background diseases.

scholarly journals Led Light in Epidermis Hyperpigmentation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ana Karoline Campos Araújo ◽  
Nicole Krystie Barbosa Naves ◽  
Florence Germaine Tible Lainscek ◽  
Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto Herrera ◽  
Livia Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Skin Quality

Aging is a natural process that causes several changes in the body, especially the skin with the loss of tonicity and brightness, which makes frequent the search for longevity in society, and over time, dissatisfaction with the external image of the body worsens, so health care and skin have become a primary factor for self-esteem, social relations and quality of life. LED is a phototherapy feature that has been used for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation. This research aims within this spectrum to analyze the results of the effect of LED light on hyperpigmentation in the epidermis. Systematic literature review through bibliographic research in the electronic databases of the Virtual Health Library - VHL: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS); Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Pubmed-NCBI and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: hyperpigmentation, LED light, bleaching, epidermis, rejuvenation, and aesthetics. We analyzed 5 original articles that present similar objectives among themselves, seeking to understand the use of LED in the bleaching of hyperpigmentation of the epidermis and its other beneficial effects on the skin. Because of the studies, it can be concluded that LED light is an effective option not only in the bleaching of epidermis hyperpigmentation but also in other aspects such as hydration, rejuvenation, viço, and skin quality.

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