Continuous detection of concept drift in industrial cyber-physical systems using closed loop incremental machine learning

The embedded, computational and cloud elements of industrial cyber physical systems (CPS) generate large volumes of data at high velocity to support the operations and functions of corresponding time-critical and mission-critical physical entities. Given the non-deterministic nature of these entities, the generated data streams are susceptible to dynamic and abrupt changes. Such changes, which are formally defined as concept drifts, leads to a decline in the accuracy and robustness of predicted CPS behaviors. Most existing work in concept drift detection are classifier dependent and require labeled data. However, CPS data streams are unlabeled, unstructured and change over time. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised machine learning algorithm for continuous concept drift detection in industrial CPS. This algorithm demonstrates three types of unsupervised learning, online, incremental and decremental. Furthermore, it distinguishes between abrupt and reoccurring drifts. We conducted experiments on SEA, a widely cited synthetic dataset of concept drift detection, and two industrial applications of CPS, task tracking in factory settings and smart energy consumption. The results of these experiments successfully validate the key features of the proposed algorithm and its utility of detecting change in non-deterministic CPS environments.

On a Non-Discrete Concept of Prokaryotic Species

The taxonomic concept of species has received continuous attention. A microbial species as a discrete box contains a limited number of highly similar microorganisms assigned to that taxon, following a polyphasic approach. In the 21st Century, with the advancements of sequencing technologies and genomics, the existence of a huge prokaryotic diversity has become well known. At present, the prokaryotic species might no longer have to be understood as discrete values (such as 1 or 2, by homology to Natural numbers); rather, it is expected that some microorganisms could be potentially distributed (according to their genome features and phenotypes) in between others (such as decimal numbers between 1 and 2; real numbers). We propose a continuous species concept for microorganisms, which adapts to the current knowledge on the huge diversity, variability and heterogeneity existing among bacteria and archaea. Likely, this concept could be extended to eukaryotic microorganisms. The continuous species concept considers a species to be delimited by the distance between a range of variable features following a Gaussian-type distribution around a reference organism (i.e., its type strain). Some potential pros and cons of a continuous concept are commented on, offering novel perspectives on our understanding of the highly diversified prokaryotic world, thus promoting discussion and further investigation in the field.

Fundamentals of Global Modeling for Polymer Extrusion

A review paper is presented on modeling for polymer extrusion for both single screw and twin-screw extrusion. An issue of global modeling is discussed, which includes modeling for solid conveying, melting, melt flow, and co-operation of the screw/die system. The classical approach to global modeling of the extrusion process, which is based on separate models for each section of the screw, i.e., solid transport section, melting and pre-melting sections, and the melt flow section is presented. In this case, the global model consists of the elementary models. A novel continuous concept of global modeling based on CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) computations is also presented, and a concept of using the DEM (Discrete Element Method) computation coupled with CFD computations is discussed.

Bricolage a Design Approach for Improving High Density Area

This study aims to arouse the awareness of designers on how to see bricolage as a design approach to improve the quality of life in informal kampung settlements. The study case is Kampung Cikini Kramat in Jakarta. Thispocket kampung surrounded by buildings and infrastructure that have been considered to be tidy and orderly established. Urban dwellers living in informal settlements such as kampung, favelas, pueblos jóvenes and gecekondu are mostly judged to be the people who are not well established and left behind. However, it appears that they tend to advocate innovation and sustainability from their own habits by using the concept of bricolage. Bricolage is a skill of using whatever at hands to create something new was depends on its locality. The method of this study is by finding the signs of bricolage as a part oflocalhabitsand knowledges, thentrying to utilize the inhabitant’s knowledge to improve the kampung conditions.First, this study will find how bricolage can be found in the daily life of informal settlements. Second, we will discuss our real built projects, explaining the strategies of our involvement as a designer working together withthe local community to create the design approach by using the local knowledge of bricolage. The study concludes that bricolage is a continuous concept of self-help urbanism, which invigorates the quality of life in informal settlements.

Evaluation of the contact pressure and response of a buried structure with a flat roof

The paper presents a model to analyze the response of a buried structure to surface loading, which is based on a discrete-continuous concept, taking into consideration a possible variation of the soil arching coefficient with depth. The structure and the soil are represented by equivalent two degree of freedom and one-dimensional column system. The shear soil resistance is represented by a vertical friction traction that depends on the relative displacement between the column and the free field. At the bottom, the system is supported by a semi-infinite medium. An analytical solution for the mid-roof deflection and average contact pressure has been derived and verified against published experimental results. Examination of the effects of the soil parameters on the mid-roof deflection demonstrates their different weights in the analysis. The present model may be used for future solutions of corresponding dynamic problems, for which the variation of the arching coefficient with depth is especially important.

Masculinities on Clydeside

Masculinities on Clydeside explores the experiences of civilian men on Clydeside during the Second World War. The book principally uses oral history interviews as source materials and understands subjectivity as a fluid and ultimately continuous concept, retaining personal agency through major historical changes. While men in reserved occupations are understood as extensively influenced by ‘imagined’ discourses, often resulting in feelings of guilt and emasculation, their subjectivities were nonetheless ultimately rooted in their ‘lived’ and immediate local vicinities, and the people and places of their everyday lives. This ultimate relevance of ‘lived’ existence and the everyday also meant that while wartime relations between men and women were clearly shaped by a range of gender discourses and continually renegotiated, gender boundaries were never fixed or truly separate. The book comprises six chapters. The first provides context to the findings, while the second addresses the issue of masculinities. The third centres upon regional subjectivities, and the fourth looks at wider subjectivities, encompassing national and political identities, class consciousness, religious subjectivities and social activities. The fifth chapter examines women’s experiences of working in reserved occupations in wartime and their interactions with civilian men; the sixth chapter summarises the arguments in the book.

Transformasi Yudhisthira Mahabarata dalam Tradisi Pedalangan

ABSTRAK Artikel ini menjelaskan konsep Yudistira dalam tradisi wayang sebagai kontinuitas Yudhistira dalam epos Mahabharata. Transformasi ini diikuti oleh konsep berkelanjutan yang dapatmengikuti dengan menggunakan konsep Jawa, asma kinarya japa. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep Yudistira dalam tradisi pedalangan adalah sistem transformasi dilihat dari mitologi ritual. Meskipun ceritanya diadopsi dari India Mahabharata, namun Wayang Purwa menggambarkan pola pikir asli Jawa. Wayang Purwa telah diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi, namun telah mampu mempertahankan konsep aslinya. Kata kunci: Yudistira, mahabarata, wayang ABSTRACT Hermeneutic Cirkle of Yudhistira in Puppetry Tradition. This article explains Yudistira’s concept in a wayang tradition as a continuity of Yudhishthira in Mahãbhãrata epic. The transformation was followed by continuous concept that can be trailed by employing Javanese theory, such as asma kinarya japa theory. It can be concluded that the concept of Yudistira in the pedalangan tradition is a transformation system viewed from the ritual mythology. Although its story is adopted from Indian Mahabharata, but Wayang Purwa illustrates an original Javanese mindset. Wayang Purwa has been inherited through generations, yet it has been able to maintain its original concept. Keyword: Yudistira, Mahabarata, wayang