Economic Study of the Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness of Small Holdings for Fattening Cows Calves in Nineveh Governorate for the Year 2018

The study aims to measure the comparative and competitive advantage of red meat production in the Kokjali region of Nineveh through some measures derived from the policy analysis matrix. The study relied on the primary data collected through the questionnaire form for a random sample of (100) fields included (5610) imported calves in the Kokjali district of Nineveh Governorate for the production year 2018. The sample was distributed into three categories according to the number of calves. The sample was divided into three categories, according to the number of calves, the first category of fields contains 25-49 calves and their number reached 35 fields, and the second category represents fields that contain 50-74 Calf has reached 48 fields, and the third category represents the fields that contain 75 calves or more and reached 17 fields. The results of the study indicated that the measures of protection and indicators of comparative advantage showed that there is no government support to protect red meat production in the domestic market for the year 2018 and this is clear from the nominal protection coefficient of the outputs 0.263. The same is the case with the nominal protection coefficient of inputs 1.212, as the results of the study showed that there is no government support. In addition, the measure of the special costs ratio indicated that the red meat product system has international competitiveness 0.004. Finally, the value of the local resource cost factor 0.131 indicated that the Kokceli area has a comparative and competitive advantage for the production of red meat, as the coefficient appeared to be less than the correct one.

Analisis Daya Saing dan Dampak Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap Komoditas Kelapa Sawit Rakyat

Various policies are undertaken to support the increase of production and export volume of palm oil products. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and impact of government policies on palm oil commodities in West Pasaman Regency. The research was conducted by survey method on 30 samples taken intentionally through multistage purposive sampling. The data is analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the commodity of palm oil in Pasaman Barat Regency is competitive based on competitive advantage and comparative advantage both in the form of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) and Crude Palm Oil (CPO). This is evidenced by the value of Privat Cost Ratio on FFB of 0.72 and CPO of 0,86; Domestic Resource Cost Ratio on FFB of 0.66 and CPO of 0,96; the value of private profit on FFB of 87 million rupiah and CPO of 35 billion rupiah; and social profit on FFB of 122 million rupiah and CPO of 11 billion rupiah. The impact of government policy indicated that government policies are disincentive to output, protective to tradable input, and indicated a subsidy to domestic factors. This is showed by Nominal Protection Coefficient Output on FFB of 0.82 and CPO of 0.89; Nominal Protection Coefficient Input on FFB of 0.50 and CPO of 1.00; Effective Protection Coefficient on FFB of 0.93 and CPO of 0.80; Protection Coefficient on FFB of 0.71 and CPO of 3.21; and Subsidy Ratio to Produce on FFB of -0.09 and CPO of 0.09.

Daya Saing Komoditas Padi Sawah di Kecamatan Biboki Moenleu Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing ( keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif) serta menganalisa dampak kebijakan pemerintah pada harga input (subsidi pupuk) dan output (harga dasar gabah) terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Biboki Moenleu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakandari bulan Juli s/d Agustus tahun 2020. Penentuan sampel mengunakan teknik simple random samplingyaitu secara acak berjumlah 100 petani. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif dan Policy Analisys Matrix(PAM). Hasil penelitian: 1)Usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Biboki Moenleu,Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utaramemilki keunggulan kompetitif nilai Private Cost Ratio(PCR) sebesar 0,19 dan keunggulan komparatif nilai Domestic Resource Cost Ratio(DRCR) sebesar 0,13 sehingga usahatani padi sawah layak untuk diteruskan. 2). Kebijakan pemerintah pada harga input-output pada usahatani padi sawah di Kecamatan Biboki Moenleu,Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utaraberdampak nyata terhadap pendapatan petani padi sawah pada harga privatdengan nilai Nominal Protection Coefficient on Tradable Output(NPCO) sebesar 1,13 dan nilai Subsidy Ratio of Producer(SRP) sebesar0,05.

Export of Maize from India: Destinations and Competitiveness

The study examined the direction of trade of maize by Markov chain analysis and showed that Bangladesh was the most stable market of Indian maize as it could retain its share of 90.07 percent, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam with 63.44, 62.33 and 45.92 percent retention were found to be major destinations for Indian maize exports. The most unstable markets among the maize importing countries were Taiwan and UAE with the zero percent retention. The analysis of export competitiveness revealed that the Indian maize has a moderate degree of competitiveness as Nominal Protection Coefficients during all the years studied ranged between 0.5 and 1.0.

Impact of Agricultural Policies on the Egyptian Cotton Sector Using Policy Analysis Matrix

The Egyptian cotton sector is considered one of the most important export strategic sectors in Egypt, where the Egyptian government takes many agricultural policies that lead to an increase in exports of that crop to foreign markets, as these policies that the government takes have a major impact on the producers of that crop, and this study examined the impact of Agricultural policies on the Egyptian cotton crop, using the policy analysis matrix to know the effect of government policies on the producers of that crop and also the impact of those policies on Egyptian exports of the cotton crop, and the results showed that when comparing the financial and economic performance of the elements of cotton crop production, the financial performance was less than the economic performance on all cost items except workers' wages [1], indicating that the Government is subsidizing cost items, thereby supporting cotton producers. Comparing the average variable costs of cotton during the study period financially and economically shows that the financial valuation exceeds the economic valuation, with the average variable costs of $418.36 at market prices [2] , amounting to $368.84 at world prices, The results also showed that the Nominal Protection Coefficient for the output of the Egyptian cotton in the period under study (2000-2017) was 0.74, indicating the lack of a fair production policy during that period, perhaps due to the fact that the value of the Nominal Protection Coefficient for the production of the Egyptian cotton crop was lower than the correct one. It also indicated that the value of the Nominal Protection Coefficient for production supplies was 0.92, which indicates a decrease in government support for that crop compared to the value of the effective protection factor of 0.72 during the period under study (2000-2017). This indicates that the factor of the cost of domestic resources for the Egyptian cotton crop is 0.47, and this indicates that the Egyptian cotton has a comparative advantage in foreign markets, the study recommended Maintaining the foreign markets of the Egyptian cotton crop, as it has a global comparative and competitive advantage, and provides the state with foreign exchange, which contributes significantly to the Egyptian national economy.

Housekeeping and the Fiction of Subjectivity in Eva Trout

This chapter examines how Bowen’s final novel, Eva Trout, amplifies the issue of the domestic and the ‘things’ that build subjective containment and betray non-normative, unstable and difficult narrative subjects, by claiming that Eva Trout is such a subject: difficult and utterly indeterminate. In order to draw on the value-laden potency of ‘home’ for women in fiction the chapter calls upon Bowen’s contemporary, one who might be described as the quintessential author of homelessness, Jean Rhys. Rhys’s novel Good Morning, Midnight (1939) to show how the issue of domestic space becomes paramount to the workings of narrative for women writers and their female protagonists. Unlike Rhys’s protagonist Sasha Jensen, who does not attempt to make any specific space her home but rather moves between rented rooms in a hope for nominal protection, Eva Trout repeatedly attempts to make herself in relation to domestic spaces. Eva is unable to establish a stable domestic existence in accordance with conventional gender expectations. The way that women make homes and, in very material and embodied ways, occupy space is significant in Bowen’s fiction, where objects, ephemera and domestic stability are crucial to the development of character and narrative.