Rapid Estimation of Wheat Straw Decomposition Constituents Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Adoption of no-till systems in Eastern Washington has been slow due to the difficulty of managing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw residue and the unknown decomposition potential of cultivars. We hypothesize that by analyzing wheat straw with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), calibration models can be developed to accurately predict fiber and chemical constituents of wheat, determining straw decomposition potential. Straw from a panel of 480 soft winter wheat cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest are analyzed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose, hemicellulose, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N). Using modified partial least squares regression and cross validation techniques, specific environment and broad-based NIRS models are calibrated and predictive ability is validated. R2cal values from broad models are better than the specific models, and are 0.85 (NDF), 0.86 (ADF), 0.65 (ADL), 0.88 (cellulose), 0.42 (hemicellulose), 0.67 (C), and 0.73 (N). The corresponding SEP values are 1.68% (NDF), 1.54% (ADF), 0.62% (ADL), 1.14% (cellulose), 1.11% (hemicellulose), 1.23% (C), and 0.06% (N). A Finch × Eltan breeding population is used to further validate models and prediction accuracies for variety selection within a breeding program scenario. The broad NIRS models prove useful for estimating high and low ranges of NDF, ADF, and cellulose in wheat cultivars which translate into characteristics of slow and fast decomposition potential.

SENTRA MEBEL SEBAGAI DESTINASI WISATA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR REGIONALISME DI JUWIRING, KLATEN

<p><em>The design background of Furniture Center at Juwiring is due to many of furniture craftmen that spread over in Juwiring. There is no center place to make furniture exhibition at Juwiring, it makes craftsmen have difficulty in marketing, and so do the consumer that have difficulty in search for information of furniture from Juwiring. The issue of design are: how to appear the image of a building that has a characteristic of Juwiring to be an attractive tourism destination at Juwiring. The method used is Defamiliarisasi method from Architectural Regionalism theory. The analysis design begins with gathering the potential of characteristic Juwiring, then decomposing to architectural building components. The result are design concept of furniture centers with facilities and infrastructure as a tourism destination. The concept of the building shows the characteristic of Juwiring which comes from the decomposition potential forms around Juwiring like joglo, pendhapa, Juwiring’s umbrella, and Prambanan.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Appearance Building, Juwiring’s Characteristic, Furniture Craftsmen at Juwiring, Regionalism Architecture, Tourism Destination.</em></p>

SENTRA MEBEL SEBAGAI DESTINASI WISATA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR REGIONALISME DI JUWIRING, KLATEN

<p><em>The design background of Furniture Center at Juwiring is due to many of furniture craftmen that spread over in Juwiring. There is no center place to make furniture exhibition at Juwiring, it makes craftsmen have difficulty in marketing, and so do the consumer that have difficulty in search for information of furniture from Juwiring. The issue of design are: how to appear the image of a building that has a characteristic of Juwiring to be an attractive tourism destination at Juwiring. The method used is Defamiliarisasi method from Architectural Regionalism theory. The analysis design begins with gathering the potential of characteristic Juwiring, then decomposing to architectural building components. The result are design concept of furniture centers with facilities and infrastructure as a tourism destination. The concept of the building shows the characteristic of Juwiring which comes from the decomposition potential forms around Juwiring like joglo, pendhapa, Juwiring’s umbrella, and Prambanan.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Appearance Building, Juwiring’s Characteristic, Furniture Craftsmen at Juwiring, Regionalism Architecture, Tourism Destination.</em></p>