Entrepreneurship in Scotland, 1851–1911

This article uses the British Business Census of Entrepreneurs (BBCE) to examine the history of entrepreneurship in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Scotland. The BBCE identifies every business proprietor listed in the 1851–1901 Scottish censuses, correcting for non-response issues. The BBCE, therefore, allows the whole population of Scottish entrepreneurs to be examined for the first time. These data are combined with a reweighted version of the 1911 Scottish Census report to allow the trends in entrepreneurial numbers and rates to be examined as a whole and broken down by sector and gender. The article also shows how entrepreneurship varied by location. This article offers support for previous work on Scottish entrepreneurship, notably stressing the continued importance of small-scale businesses. It also reveals that female entrepreneurship rates were far higher than previously thought. This article lays the groundwork for future studies of Scottish entrepreneurship using the BBCE data.

Ethnicity, Migration, And Entrepreneurship In Indonesia

Extant studies demonstrate the vital roles of ethnicity group and culture influencing individual intention and decision to become an entrepreneur. Meanwhile, in the entrepreneurial decision, each ethnic group has different preferences regarding where to run it, at the origin or overseas. This study examines the roles of group ethnicity and culture in affecting the likelihood of an individual’s choosing entrepreneurship as their occupation using the combined data of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and the Population Census Report. Our findings substantiate that group ethnicity and culture significantly influence the likelihood of entrepreneurial decisions. Furthermore, using Javanese as a reference, we found the Balinese, Batak, Chinese, South Sumatran, and Minangkabau tend towards entrepreneurship. The difference is that the Balinese, Batak, Chinese, and South Sumatran tend to run their business around where they live, while the Minangkabau are overseas.

Federalism at the Crossroads: Crisis of the Linguistic Minorities in India

Polyglot federations face a challenge in reconciling between the national identities and regional identities. Demand for a second States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) in India in 2015 by some groups bears testimony to this fact. On the question of political remapping in post-independence period, the constitutional ancestors sought to save India from another religious bigotry and the menace of casteism. The emergence of language as a viable alternative gained momentum in Nagpur session (1920) of the Indian National Congress (INC). But subsequent years encountered with a difficulty in adopting territorial solution for accommodating India’s multilingual identities. Pre-constitutional, extra-constitutional and constitutional arrangements have faced the challenge of linguistic accommodation. Dar Commission warned the risk of federal remapping with existing linguistic pocket corridors in the states. Inter-state migration has proliferated the problem over the years. Even the SRC could not provide adequate safeguards for large number of linguistic minorities living in all states (Kerala becomes exception with 97.03% linguistic majorities). There new minority emerged and accommodated but with limits. Census report of 2011 shows India having 19,569 languages which stood 1369 after linguistic scrutiny. Territorial machinations appear inadequate to satisfy all linguistic groups but only to incur huge expenditure. Indian federalism seems deficient in non-territorial power sharing which has succeeded in countries like Belgium in the form of Consociational representation. With its promise of inclusivity by means of a possible alternative it demands the attention of the policy makers as well as the academia.

Central Park Squirrel Census Maps

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In October of 2018, the first official squirrel census of New York City’s Central Park was conducted. Throughout the project’s 30-month duration, maps were a critical tool &amp;ndash; from logistical planning and data gathering, to data analysis and presentation of census results. Of these project phases, two in particular generated important cartographical work, not only to the success of the census project, but within the historical lineage of Central Park maps: the Tally Map, which was used for squirrel and park data collection, and the series of maps to be used to present the census findings in the Official Central Park Squirrel Census Report.</p>

An Improved Bound for Security in an Identity Disclosure Problem

Identity disclosure of an individual from a released data is a matter of concern especially if it belongs to a category with low frequency in the data-set. Nayak et al. (2016) discussed this problem vividly in a census report and suggested a method of obfuscation, which would ensure that the probability of correctly identifying a unit from released data, would not exceed &xi; for some1 3&lt; &xi; &lt; 1. However, we observe that for the above method the level of security could be extended under certain conditions. In this paper, we discuss some conditions under which one can achieve a security for any 0 &lt; &xi; &lt; 1.

Perceptions About The “Third Gender” In Nepal

This paper is built around the argument that negative attitudes of family and society towards the third gendered persons could lead to unacceptance, discrimination, exclusion and ostracization of the third gendered persons in the family and society. This paper presents an analysis of the causes of abandonment of one’s own family by the third gendered persons. Third Gendered Persons could open-up, come out and organize themselves for equality in par with other genders, when they get support from an organization. The third gendered persons in Nepal are getting organized under the umbrella of Blue Diamond Society. The Court recognition of third gendered persons as ‘natural’ people led the Government of Nepal consider the third gendered persons from ‘unnatural’ and ‘perverted’ to appoint a third gendered person a member of the Constituent Assembly. However, these people are not visible in the national census report. Same sex marriage is yet to be legalized.Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11, 2017; 96-114