Amerykańskie wojska inżynieryjne w konflikcie wietnamskim 1964–1975

The article focuses on the period of the Vietnam War, with particular emphasis on the role played by engineering troops (as a necessary component of individual tactical associations, and a guarantee of success of military operations conducted by the US army). The paper presents the engineering troops’ efforts to build military infrastructure, as well as the assistance provided to the South Vietnamese society. The article contains a list of all engineering units of the American army involved in the Vietnamese conflict, their organizational structure, personnel status, dislocation, as well as the scope of tasks assigned to them. In addition, it shows the cooperation between engineering units and civil contractors at the service of the army (especially in the period preceding the direct involvement of the United States in the war).

Kalendarz wojenny pospolitego ruszenia w czasach Władysława Jagiełły

This article concerns the participation of knights in wars during the reign of Władysław Jagiełło (1386–1434). Its goal is to determine how often and for how long the king called up the army, which will allow to assess how absorbing war expeditions were for knights at that time. The analysis shows that the king called knights 22 times minimum, of which the army from all over the Kingdom of Poland (expeditio generalis) was issued seven times, the remaining mobilizations concerned knights from one province (expeditio particularis). In addition, there were also smaller-scale defensive clashes, mainly near the Polish borders with the Teutonic Order and Silesia (defensio terrae). From the announcement of mobilization to the gathering of troops, it took from 2 to 8 weeks, this time depended on whether the expedition from one province or the whole Kingdom was convened. Preparations for the latter took longer, because the knights needed more time to get to the place of concentration of troops. In the case of local activities, the fighti ng was carried out for 2–4 weeks, in the case of expeditio generalis the campaigns lasted 8–13 weeks. During the most intense war period of 1409–1422, knights were called up to eight times. Participation in wars was absorbing for knights. Most of the conflicts took place in the summer, which forced the nobility to leave their farms at harvest time. Participation in the wars was costly, and the king refused to pay any remuneration for participating in the expedition abroad, despite his commitment to do so in 1388. Starting from 1419, the deterioration of the relationship between the king and the knights during expeditions can be seen. Worsening of discipline in the army becomes apparent.

Rola pogody w narracji o drugiej wojnie punickiej

The purpose of the article is to present the role of natural weather phenomena that were noted by ancient historians in the narrative of the Second Punic War (218–201 BC). In addition to the best-known use of the weather during the Battle of Cannae (216 BC), during which Hannibal, according to historian Florus, colluded with all nature, the article analyses the failed attempt to capture Rome in 211 BC – prevented by a storm, weather prodigia heralding Roman defeat in the first part of the war as well as the function of meteorological battle imagery.

Wojna o wodę – wyzwanie dla bliskowschodnich armii w XX i XXI w.

Due to geographical conditions, climate and political instability, the Middle East is mentioned as an area of future water conflict. In the 20th and 21st centuries there were numerous disputes over this raw material. Conflicts have both internal and external dimensions. The main dispute was between Israel and the Arabs and indirectly led to the June 1967 war. The Arab states also used the army as a deterrent in the race for water. The competition takes place on the line Iraq, Syria, Turkey. Water has also been used as a weapon in the Middle East. ISIS fought for dams to use them strategically and tactically.

Nie tylko „generał Mróz ” wpływ czynników pogodowych na przebieg kampanii rosyjskiej Napoleona na wybranych przykładach

Napoleon’s Russian campaigns one of the best known examples of the impact of weather conditions on the process of military actions. In the article, on selected examples, the influence of weather on the actions and condition of both armies, mainly the Great Army, is analyzed. Adverse weather conditions accompanied the 1812 warfare from the very beginning in the form of a storm that took place at the turn of June and July. Then a period of intense heat began, which caused considerable problems for the soldiers moving in fast marches, who were also deprived of access to drinking water. Finally, the extremely cold winter, even for Russia’s climate, contributed, however not always directly, to deaths of many soldiers on both sides of conflict. Although weather is difficult to see as the main cause of Napoleon’s defeat, it was an extremely important part of 1812 military actions.

Zimowa służba żołnierzy Wojska Polskiego na Litwie i Łotwie na przełomie 1919/1920 r.

Winter is not the best time for miltary operations. It is necessary when political situation or international agreements are contained. In 1919 and 1920 Polish Army has served in Lithuania and Latvia in winter time. In Lithuania the soldiers have practiced patrol and garrison duty on polish-lithuanian border. In the same time other polish units have taken part in military operation in Latvia. There were the common features of these mission: winter, snow, low temperatures. In these circumstances the duty was much difficult. What else, the soldiers have fallen ill like cold and frost-bites.

Możliwości prowadzenia działań bojowych na wodach śródlądowych II Rzeczypospolitej na przykładzie Flotylli Rzecznej Marynarki Wojennej w Pińsku

The article presents the restrictions related to the conduct of combat operations by the vessels of the Navy River Fleet in Pinsk. It provides discussion of issues such as war doctrine of the Second Polish Republic and river fleets, geographical characteristics of Polesie, possibilities of conducting activities by the Pinsk Fleet in the assessment of commanders and superiors, as well as technical parameters of vessels and the resulting restrictions.

Pogodowe uwarunkowania działań wojennych. Wpływ warunków atmosferycznych na przebieg starć i kampanii militarnych w okresie średniowiecza. Wybrane przykłady

The article examines the impact of adverse weather conditions and astronomical occurrences on the outcome of the selected medieval military campaigns and pitch battles. Unpredictability of weather was an important factor in medieval warfare: unexpected wind, rain, snow, heat or day-to-night temperature fluctuations could influence a military operation in a significant way. As medieval chronicles recorded, troops often suffered from famine as a result of excessive rains, droughts or adverse winds which prevented supplies from being delivered by sea. Apart from causing fatigue and exhaustion bad weather contributed to disease outbreaks and equipment damage. People were weakened physically and psychologically which reduced their fighting ability.

Polityka administracyjna ministrów spraw wewnętrznych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w dziedzinie aprowizacji i jej wpływ na aprowizację armii polskiej w latach 1918–1939

It should be noted that in the Republic of Poland in the years 1918–1939 the main state institutions in the field of provisioning were: in the period of 1918–1921 the Ministry of Provisioning, in the years 1921–1938 the Ministry of the Interior, and in the years 1938–1939 the Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Reforms. Of course, in the entire interwar period for the provision of state supplies, and especially its main supply subsystems, such as urban population (various categories of cities and settlements), rural population (individual regions of the country), Polish army, public administration, state enterprises, industrial plants, etc. many specialized state (administrative) institutions, self-government structures, business entities and social organizations worked. However, it should be emphasized with all force that the concepts of the provisioning policy, and then the forms and methods of its implementation arose in the central and supreme institutions of the state, which, by virtue of government laws and ordinances, received competences in this respect. It should be recalled that for a great part of the interwar period the supreme state institution in the field of food supply policy was the Ministry of the Interior. Therefore, without knowing the twists and turns of the administrative policy of the Interior Ministers in the field of food supply, it is impossible to understand the ways of provisioning the society during the Second Polish Republic, and especially the forms, methods and problems related to the provisioning of the Polish Army. Finally, it should be noted that the provisioning system of the Polish State – starting from its very beginning – has although sometimes with difficulty, coped with not only the burden of provisioning the Polish society with food and necessities, but also the provisioning of the Polish army during the wars (1918–1921), during peace (1921–1939) as well as during the German-Polish war of 1939.