Generational Differences in Personal Finance Behaviour - A Insight into Investors in Kolkata

Purpose - Similar experiences, values and beliefs shared among people of a generational cohort determines the choices that they make. This explains why people of the same generational cohort have distinct perceptions and tendencies towards investing. This paper focuses on generation differences in personal finance decisions. Objectives- The objective of the paper is to group the different personal finance variables into identifiable factors and to compare these personal finance factors across generations. Methodology - Data is collected through a primary survey with a structured questionnaire, among 140 respondents in Kolkata and Ranchi. Questions have been asked on personal finance behaviour, with their responses on a Likert scale. A Factor Analysis has been conducted on these questions to group them into different factors contributing to personal finance behaviour. These identified factors are also compared across generations. Findings - It was concluded that younger generations invest for the objective of keeping funds for emergency purposes, whereas older generations invest for their retirement needs. Younger generations usually invest for the short run, whereas older generations invest for the long run. Also, younger generations invest in easily accessible and popular investment avenues, whereas older invest in the most effective avenue. The items had clustered around six factors namely, Financial Planning, Use of Technology, Financial Independence, Financial Irresponsibility, Financial Openness and Use of Credit Cards. Originality- Behavioral differences across generations is an area that is studied across diverse topics and disciplines. However, very scarce studies have been conducted to assess generational differences in financial behaviour. Practical Implications- This paper attempts to bridge this gap by collecting financial data from respondents of all generations and making a comparison among them. This helps to understand the reasons for differences in investment behaviour of generations.

The Tunisian Economics’ Situations After the Revolution of Arab Spring 2011

The Tunisian economic facts after the so-called the Arab spring or social revolution have been marketed by numerous fluctuations and radical changes in the general situation of the management of the administrative affairs of the country. The most prominent of these facts, including the series of chaotic sit-ins and the political and security instability that has increased from 2011 to 2018, note in particular the emergence of the phenomenon of terrorism and assassinations. These negative results are too the expensive cost of the Tunisian national economy, which has been directed, affected by all vital sectors of the country’s economy, especially the tourism, trade and investment sectors. In addition, the increase in excessive wages during the first three years following the revolution and the increasing number of random sit-ins that led to the cessation of the production in the Gafsa phosphate mine and the failure to work for most of the public servants represented negative factors that led to a decline in productivity and an increase in the financial and trade deficit. Thus, the budget deficit and the accumulation of indebtedness represent the main obstacle to achieving social and economic stability.

Economic Development of Rural India Through Establishment of Agri-Tech Park

India has always been on the top spot in terms of tourism and has attracted domestic and foreign tourists throughout the year. India is the land of farmers, has a rich and diverse culture and is best known for its hospitality. Tourism has become a source of income for many people, therefore it’s time to connect tourism along with agriculture to enhance the income of Indian farmers. Indian farmers generally face a lot of issues related to their income; hence numerous suicide cases have been registered in the past. The objective of this research paper is to provide a solution for the farmers by introducing Agri- tourism Technology Park. Agri-tourism offers the domestic and foreign tourists an opportunity to connect with the heritage, providing a hands-on-experience, showcasing the rich biodiversity, local food products, handicrafts and culture. On the other hand, the amalgamation of technology can provide smooth and secure tourism experience for the visitors. This Park includes an agricultural patch of about 5 acres, earmarked to cater the needs of Rabi and Kharif crops. Latest agricultural crop growing techniques like vertical farming using 70% less water than traditional farming. Hydroponic system for demonstrating these techniques to Agri- tech park visitors to acquaint them with futuristic farming operations. Aquaponic solar greenhouse will be established for growing vegetables and medicinal plants. A space of about 1 acre shall be delineated for a cattle farm that would be used to rear different breeds of cows like Sahiwal and Hariana and buffalo breeds like Murrah and Nili Ravi. Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence techniques will be employed for monitoring cattle feed, nutrition and milk processing and general well-being of animals. Re – circulatory Aqua culture system will be used for high density stocking of fish in a smaller space. Interactive virtual field trips and activities will be offered in a variety of themes that would give information on the importance of plants, various cropping techniques, role of insects and the feeding and living pattern of animals, fish bees etc. The establishment of an Agri-tourism technology park at Amritsar district of Punjab has been planned with a focus on the sustainable development of human environment in and around the region.

The Impact of Renewable Energies on Sustainable Development

The people of the world have entered a decade phase after bidding farewell to the previous year 2019 and to begin with stability towards a future that is looming on the horizon of many variables that could shape the characteristics of the next decade with the start year of 2020, it will therefore constitute a fundamental change for the future of daily life and the international economy.

The Impact of Renewable Energies on Sustainable Development

The people of the world have entered a decade phase after bidding farewell to the previous year 2019 and to begin with stability towards a future that is looming on the horizon of many variables that could shape the characteristics of the next decade with the start year of 2020, it will therefore constitute a fundamental change for the future of daily life and the international economy.

The Tunisian Economics’ Situations After the Revolution of Arab Spring 2011

The Tunisian economic facts after the so-called the Arab spring or social revolution have been marketed by numerous fluctuations and radical changes in the general situation of the management of the administrative affairs of the country. The most prominent of these facts, including the series of chaotic sit-ins and the political and security instability that has increased from 2011 to 2018, note in particular the emergence of the phenomenon of terrorism and assassinations. These negative results are too the expensive cost of the Tunisian national economy, which has been directed, affected by all vital sectors of the country’s economy, especially the tourism, trade and investment sectors. In addition, the increase in excessive wages during the first three years following the revolution and the increasing number of random sit-ins that led to the cessation of the production in the Gafsa phosphate mine and the failure to work for most of the public servants represented negative factors that led to a decline in productivity and an increase in the financial and trade deficit. Thus, the budget deficit and the accumulation of indebtedness represent the main obstacle to achieving social and economic stability.

Generational Differences in Personal Finance Behaviour – A Insight into Investors in Kolkata

Purpose – Similar experiences, values and beliefs shared among people of a generational cohort determines the choices that they make. This explains why people of the same generational cohort have distinct perceptions and tendencies towards investing. This paper focuses on generation differences in personal finance decisions. Objectives- The objective of the paper is to group the different personal finance variables into identifiable factors and to compare these personal finance factors across generations. Methodology – Data is collected through a primary survey with a structured questionnaire, among 140 respondents in Kolkata and Ranchi. Questions have been asked on personal finance behaviour, with their responses on a Likert scale. A Factor Analysis has been conducted on these questions to group them into different factors contributing to personal finance behaviour. These identified factors are also compared across generations. Findings – It was concluded that younger generations invest for the objective of keeping funds for emergency purposes, whereas older generations invest for their retirement needs. Younger generations usually invest for the short run, whereas older generations invest for the long run. Also, younger generations invest in easily accessible and popular investment avenues, whereas older invest in the most effective avenue. The items had clustered around six factors namely, Financial Planning, Use of Technology, Financial Independence, Financial Irresponsibility, Financial Openness and Use of Credit Cards. Originality- Behavioral differences across generations is an area that is studied across diverse topics and disciplines. However, very scarce studies have been conducted to assess generational differences in financial behaviour. Practical Implications- This paper attempts to bridge this gap by collecting financial data from respondents of all generations and making a comparison among them. This helps to understand the reasons for differences in investment behaviour of generations.

Economic Development of Rural India Through Establishment of Agri-Tech Park

India has always been on the top spot in terms of tourism and has attracted domestic and foreign tourists throughout the year. India is the land of farmers, has a rich and diverse culture and is best known for its hospitality. Tourism has become a source of income for many people, therefore it’s time to connect tourism along with agriculture to enhance the income of Indian farmers. Indian farmers generally face a lot of issues related to their income; hence numerous suicide cases have been registered in the past. The objective of this research paper is to provide a solution for the farmers by introducing Agri- tourism Technology Park. Agri-tourism offers the domestic and foreign tourists an opportunity to connect with the heritage, providing a hands-on-experience, showcasing the rich biodiversity, local food products, handicrafts and culture. On the other hand, the amalgamation of technology can provide smooth and secure tourism experience for the visitors. This Park includes an agricultural patch of about 5 acres, earmarked to cater the needs of Rabi and Kharif crops. Latest agricultural crop growing techniques like vertical farming using 70% less water than traditional farming. Hydroponic system for demonstrating these techniques to Agri- tech park visitors to acquaint them with futuristic farming operations. Aquaponic solar greenhouse will be established for growing vegetables and medicinal plants. A space of about 1 acre shall be delineated for a cattle farm that would be used to rear different breeds of cows like Sahiwal and Hariana and buffalo breeds like Murrah and Nili Ravi. Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence techniques will be employed for monitoring cattle feed, nutrition and milk processing and general well-being of animals. Re – circulatory Aqua culture system will be used for high density stocking of fish in a smaller space. Interactive virtual field trips and activities will be offered in a variety of themes that would give information on the importance of plants, various cropping techniques, role of insects and the feeding and living pattern of animals, fish bees etc. The establishment of an Agri-tourism technology park at Amritsar district of Punjab has been planned with a focus on the sustainable development of human environment in and around the region.

The Impact of Innovation Strategy on the Financial, Social and Environmental Performance

The core purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of innovation strategy on financial, social and environmental performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The information used is from 129 companies listed on TSE in different industries between 2011 and 2018 (1032 observations). In order to analyze the data, a multivariate regression test was used. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between innovation strategy on financial performance and environmental performance. Also, the relationship between innovation strategy and social performance has a positive but insignificant. Innovation tools are also among the few management tools that can have a positive impact on both financial performance and the company’s environmental performance. In this research, an attempt has been made to look at the idea of innovation from a financial point of view, and its results in the long run indicate the right choice of management to invest in the company’s research and development unit.