This chapter examines Avicenna’s theory of final causation in light of two competing interpretations of Aristotelian teleology. According to the good-centered view, Aristotle’s claim that the end is a cause primarily conveys that some things are caused to occur by goodness. On this view, the concept of an end or goal, for Aristotle, is the concept of something good (from some perspective), and the concept of final causation is that of causation by goodness. According to the agent-centered view, Aristotle’s basic theory of the final cause says that it is the goal of the efficient cause, or the object of a power, that is, what the power is for. On this view, Aristotle’s fundamental account of what it is for something to be an end need not and should not refer to the goodness of that end. Avicenna’s portrayal of the final cause as the “cause of causes,” as well as his distinction between the end of motion and the good of motion, indicate that he adopts an agent-centered view. Though he also holds that every essential agent acts for the sake of something that is good, or apparently good, for the recipient of action, his explanation for this claim is compatible with his fundamentally value-neutral account of what it is to be a final cause.