Patients’ Views on Self-Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Research Question (RQ): Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a complex condition and one of the most important causes of suffering of modern times. Self-management refers to the individual’s ability to manage the symptoms, treatment, physical and psychosocial consequences and life style changes inherent in living with a chronic condition. The research question is; what is the view on the selfmanagement of chronic musculoskeletal pain from the patient's perspective? Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to review original articles that reported how selfmanagement educational programmes are viewed from the patient’s perspective. Method: We used an integrative review of the literature. The search was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 on the PubMed, PEDro and OTseeker databases. We included original studies, written in English that examined the patients’ point of view on self-management. The included studies, needed to be conducted on adult patients of both sexes, that were suffering from chronic pain and were educated on self-management of their pain. Two authors independently searched for original studies. Results: Nine article were included in the review. Most of the studies included a multidisciplinary approach. Patients reported they more frequently used passive strategies to manage their pain. They want to be included in the management and be able to communicate with the provider of selfmanagement. There are several positive aspects of a multidisciplinary and groups approach. Organization: Health care providers can encourage an individual to proactively behave through ongoing processes of communication, partnerships and the creation of appropriate self-management plans over time. Society: We assume that the analysis will help to identify the social responsibility of the individual and society in the common concern for the health of the population and the individual within it. Originality: The research provides an up-to-date, new overview of the patients' perspective on self management on chronic pain. The review can be helpful to health care providers s they can compare their expectations with patients's. Limitations / further research: Further research would focus on high quality studies, and specific forms of multidisciplinary approach, and finding what patients use at a home setting and how to help them continue in the self management of their pain. Limitations of this review include the lack of risk of bias assessment and the fact that this is not a systematic review.

Overlap Between Lean Production and Scientific Management

Research question: Does the base of lean production include principles and factors of Taylor's scientific management? Purpose: The purpose of our research was to establish the value of overlap of the principles and factors of lean organization with basic principles and factors of scientific management. Method: We used an integrative review of technical literature of the last 20 years (from 2000 to 2020) in which the principles and factors of scientific management and lean production were described. Results: The principles and factors of lean production predominantly contain principles and factors of scientific management (53 % of analysed contributions support the finding that the principles of lean production include principles and factors of scientific management, 29 % partly support this and 18% do not). Organization: Our conclusions will help the owners and top managers in organizations with the decisions about the induction of principles and factors of lean production. Society: The conclusions of the research will have theoretical and practical implications for everyone who deal with induction of principles and factors of lean production from the aspect of society's sustainable development. Originality: The original research from the field of overlap of the principles and factors of lean production and scientific management in the Republic of Slovenia. Limitations/ further research: We conducted an integrative review of technical literature in three world bases.

Vpliv kraja bivanja in izobrazbe staršev na intenzivnost inštrukcij

Research question (RQ): Among other questions in this research we have tried to answer, in relation to an increase of the use of tutoring, was whether the intensity of the use of tutoring is influenced by the place of residence and education of parents, so we formulated the following research question: “Does the place of residence and education of parents’ affect the use of tutoring?” Purpose: The basic goal of the research was to determine how extensive the use of tutoring is in the Goriška region and how/if the place of residence and education of parents is relevant. We focused on science subjects such as math, physics, chemistry, and one foreign language. Method: We surveyed primary school students, high school students, secondary schools, and students enrolled in higher education study programs in the Goriška region. By interviewing both students and parents, a quantitative research was enriched by the detailed content review of the importance of tutoring. We also conducted interviews with teachers of physics, chemistry, mathematics, and English in both primary and secondary education, and gained an insight into the increased use and need of tutoring in the context of formal education. We also used the method of observation by observing the students that use tutors and resort to tutoring. The research was conducted during the 2016/2017 school year. Results: Based on the data gained by conducting an extensive research, the following key conclusion was formed: Place of residence and education of parents do not affect the intensity of tutoring. Organization: According to the findings, the volume of tutors is increasing, and students are too focused on improving grades rather than better consolidating learning, school principals and deans could make certain changes in the delivery of learning content to students. When organizing the tutoring, it is important that it directly relates to consolidation of learning, rather than being directed only towards the improvement of grades, which are required for passing and applying for collage. Society: The contribution is important from the point of view of students, teachers and also the Ministry of Education in relation to the reform of the school system. Moreover, a broader study could offer solutions to limit the emerging gap between students and teachers, as research has shown that the use of tutoring has increased significantly. Here we should follow the example of those countries where the study is designed in such a way, that there is no need for additional tutoring. Originality: This is the first such extensive research in the Goriška region and in Slovenia in general. All school levels were included. Starting with elementary schools, high schools and higher education programs. Above all, this study expresses originality, as it seeks to answer how the place of residence and education of parents influence the tutoring process. Limitations/further research: The limitation of the research is that we conducted the research in the Goriška region only and that the selected sample was small, therefore, the findings cannot be applicable to everyone. It would make sense to conduct similar research and expand it to the entire Slovenian population. Another limitation is the fact that it was carried out before COVID-19, during which teaching, and tutoring had to adapt to the new situation.