Valores culturales e identidad nacional en Largo ha sido este día de José Manuel Crespo

Cultural Values and National Identity in Largo ha sido este día by José Manuel Crespo. The main topic of this paper is the exposition of some of the cultural values and certain characteristics of national identity shown in the autobiography Largo ha sido este día [It’s been a long day] (1987), by the Colombian writer José Manuel Crespo. The research is based on the analysis and interpretation of the various elements that compose the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of the work and, especially, on the role played by individual and collective memory for the organization of the narrative discourse. The features exposed are related to Ciénaga (the author’s birthplace), in which the importance of the social group that surrounds the writer’s environment and the influence of oral testimony are discovered, as well as certain words related to fauna and flora. Within the autobiographical space, customs and traditions of the period in question (1940s and 1950s) and the acquisition of knowledge through the discourse exposed by all the characters referred to, are linked. The author manifests through this work not only personal aspects of his childhood, but also the transcendence of the culture of Ciénaga when he evokes features that allow knowing facts that affect national memory and identity

¿Salir o salir corriendo? Una aproximación a la construcción verbo + gerundio de modo en textos originales y textos traducidos al español

Salir or salir corriendo? An Approach to the Construction of verb + gerund of manner in Original Texts and Texts Translated into Spanish. This article deals with the gerund of manner in combination with verbs of motion. The starting point of this study is the theoretical framework proposed by cognitive semantics which maintains that a motion event can be divided into several components: MOTION, PATH, FIGURE and GROUND. With respect to the predominant lexicalization patterns, two types of languages are distinguished: satellite -framed languages (which encode the PATH by means of a “satellite”) and verb -framed languages (which express the PATH using the verb stem). In addition, it has been observed that speakers of the second group pay less attention to the expression of MANNER, a secondary component, and that there are significant restrictions affecting this component in “boundary -crossing” events. To explore the use of the gerund in combination with verbs of motion, the InterCorp and Araneum Hispanicum Maius corpora, hosted by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus, were used. The results indicate that the gerund of manner is most often used in combination with salir, ir, venir, and llegar, and the most common forms are cor‑ riendo, caminando, andando, and volando. They also show that the combinations with corriendo and volando are more frequent in the subcorpus of texts translated into Spanish than in the subcorpus of original texts. The author concludes that the dynamics of the event is important and that is why the MANNER information is kept in the translations.

Reflet de la pandémie de Covid-19 dans les dictionnaires de la langue française

The Reflection of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dictionaries of the French Language. Languages adapt to reflect changes taking place in the life of users. The COVID-19 pandemic, by its specificity, has had an enriching effect on the French language, which quickly created and borrowed simple and complex lexical units, a new specialized vocabulary reflecting the transformations that have occurred in the society. Medical terms like coronavirus (type of virus) and COVID-19 (disease caused by SARS -CoV-2) became a part of everyday conversation. New words and new meanings are usually added to dictionaries once editors have enough evidence to demonstrate continued historical use; therefore, they must be used over a significant period of time to earn their place in dictionaries. Based on the above, the question arises: how has the epidemic impacted dictionary editors? The present study attempts to investigate the new French words and expressions that emerged in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis and were added to dictionaries of the French language. The corpus collected within this study comprises neologisms (the concept of neologism can be misleading here, because the lexicography theory characterizes neologisms as words which have not been included in current dictionaries) from various fields, new words or expressions and new meanings which have been added to the Petit Robert and the Petit Larousse illustré and the online dictionaries Grand dictionnaire terminologique and Wiktionnaire. The French dictionary Le Petit Robert has added 26 new words and meanings to its 2022 dictionary, and 48 new words and meanings, from cluster to coronapiste (a cycle lane introduced during the COVID-19 crisis), have entered the French dictionary Le Petit Larousse 2022. The present study shows how French dictionaries have been able to adapt to the changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. During this health crisis, the French language has been extraordinarily dynamic.

José María Rivas Groot: un acercamiento a la dimensión pragmática de su narrativa breve en «Rocinante» y «Día de inocentes»

José María Rivas Groot: an Approach to the Pragmatic Dimension of his Short Stories in «Rocinante» and «Día de inocentes». Having a multiform intellect, José María Rivas Groot (Bogotá, 1863-Rome, 1923) stood out as a public figure and a man of letters. Acting director of the National Library, senator, minister of state, plenipotentiary minister of Colombia to the Holy See, journalist, editor and writer, vocation this latter forged in the family bosom and in which his conservative and Christian thought, defender of tradition, is manifested. His intellectual production covers a wide variety of literary genres: poetry, novel, short stories, theater and historical essays, among others. Although his short stories have remained, in a way, on the sidelines of anthologies and studies, it is a faithful testimony of his style and thought, in a time of turmoil, affected by strong social and political transformations, framed by the transition from the 19th to the 20th century. Through two of his short stories classified as unpublished, Rocinante and Día de inocentes, this article offers an approach to his short stories from a pragmatic perspective with the purpose of revealing its meaning and intentional value, in which transtextuality, symbolism and irony are resources to which he turns, as a faithful representative of the lettered city, to express his position in the face of circumstances, behaviors and attitudes typical of his space -time, which remain in force until today.

Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, un surrealista a medias

Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, a Semi-Surrealist. This work aims to establish similarities between surrealist poetry and the poetry of the Peruvian poet Emilio Adolfo Westphalen. The first part of the text is aiming to outline main characteristics of avant-garde literature in Peru between the years 1920 and 1930 and the process of implantation of a surrealist movement born in Europe. The mentioned process of implantation was hard and complex, especially, because it clashed with the local political system and partial renunciation of the previous movements such as Modernism, Symbolism, and Romanticism. Also, French surrealism had to face literary Peruvian critics who were not ready for the arrival of something new. Consequently, Emilio Adolfo Westphalen expressed his discontent over the fossilized literary critic and his poet friends in his correspondence and essays. Westphalen was not only interested in the surrealism of others, but he was also interested in surrealism for his poetry. Our study is based particularly on the following sources: the essays of Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, the surrealist theory included in the Manifestoes of Surrealism, and the critical works by Mirko Lauer, Américo Ferrari, etc.