The Performance of the Serbian Hotel Industry / Performanse Hotelskog Poslovanja U Srbiji

The aim of this paper is to determine operating performance of hotel companies in Serbia. The analysis was conducted on a sample that included approximately 31.35% of the total available hotel capacity in Serbia for the period from 2004 to 2011. The sample was designed to be representative of the hotel distribution by territory and category. Business performance of hotel companies was analyzed using TREVPAR and GOPPAR indicators both at the national level, for tourism clusters and the largest Serbian cities. The results show that hotel companies in Serbia, on average, achieved low TREVPAR and GOPPAR values. In 2011, the average TREVPAR of companies in Serbia was 28 EUR, and GOPPAR approximately 3.7 EUR. The study registered a significant decline in the value of these indicators for the period from 2008 to 2011, primarily as a result of the economic crisis. Results significantly better than the national average were achieved by hotel companies from Belgrade that had a mean TREVPAR value of 46.2 EUR and GOPPAR value of 8.6 EUR. During the analyzed period, the largest increase in the value of the analyzed indicators was registered in the city of Kragujevac as a result of significant investments made by the car manufacturer “Fiat” and its sub-contractors. These investments have led to a significant increase in the number of foreign tourist arrivals and consequently to an increase in business performance of hotel companies in Kragujevac.

A Study of Haitian Immigrant’s Assimilation to Western Practices of Using the Telephony and Internet Technologies / Proučavanje Asimilacije Imigranata Sa Haitija Na Zapadnjačku Praksu Korišćenja Telefonskih I Internet Tehnologija

This study examines the relationship between the use of technology to stay connected with home country and culture while adapting and integrating into the host culture. Through a survey the authors probe into how Haitian immigrants living in South Florida with varying levels of contact with their home country acculturate into the receiving society, exploring an increasingly salient experience of contemporary global migrants. Immigration is the experience of acculturation by individuals and the emergence of culturally plural societies, where both immigrants and host country citizens can live together in a positive environment. In this study, we report our exploratory findings and insights from a survey conducted among Haitian immigrants in South Florida area, studying the relationship between the scope of their electronic communication, and their level of integration into the mainstream American culture. Considerable research has been devoted to the understanding of immigration, acculturation and adaptation of adults, but much less has addressed these phenomena among Haitian population in reference to the use of communication technologies to keep in touch with their loved ones overseas and being fully adapted to their host country at the same time, asserting both identities. In other words, to what extend Haitians who wish to have contact with American culture, while maintaining their cultural attributes do so through the Internet and telecommunication technologies. The objective of this study is to explore the correlation between cultural integration process and the level of Internet and telephony technologies usage among Haitians living in South Florida. The Internet and telephones are a necessity becoming central for one’s knowledge of environment, for the retention of one’s social contacts but also for the organization of one’s life. This is especially true for immigrants who often rely on their new and old social networks in order to adjust to the host country. This study looks at five well understood measures or indicators of the acculturation process, namely language proficiency, language use, length of time in the host culture, age, and peer contact. It also looks at the preferences of Internet related tools to contact friends and relatives both in Haiti and the USA by email, text messaging, and social sites. In our study, highly integrated Haitian immigrants are those who are young, have lived here for a long time, are proficient in Creole and English, speak to friends and relatives in both languages, and spend their free time with both Americans and other Haitians.

The Doctrinaire Authority: The Court of Justice of The EU and the Fundamental Rights / Doktrinarni Autoritet: Sud Pravde Evropske Unije I Osnovna Prava

This paper represents the analysis of the Court of Justice of the EU, in particular the Court of Justice, and its “interpretive power”, within its authority for diffusion and proliferation of the EU law. Namely, the paper describes the position, responsibilities, powers and the role of the Court of Justice, in order to penetrate into its institutional performances as doctrinaire authority, regarding the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU as its interpretive framework. Also, the paper presents the most representative axiological determinations of the EU as a basis of the “interpretive power” of the Court of Justice. Accordingly, the paper describes the Court as a central judicial EU institution that with its “interpretive power” generates legal doctrines through the prism of fundamental rights and freedoms. Consequently, the Court of Justice appears as undisputed doctrinaire authority that assumes the role of doctrine - maker and doctrine - keeper of the human rights and freedoms, accepted and promulgated by the EU.

Proposal for Serbian Tourism Destinations Marketing Campaign / Predlog Za Marketinšku Kampanju Srpskih Turističkih Destinacija

Serbia is geographically located in Europe, which is why it faces stiff competition from other European destinations, but also from other destinations worldwide. In order to understand contemporary competitive environment, major trends have been identified at the global, regional and local level. The data from the analysis of Serbian summer season tourism market were used to create tourist profiles for 4 supply side regions (Domestic-Serbia; Western Balkans-Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Kosovo and Macedonia; Central-Eastern Europe-Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania; Western Europe and the rest of the world), for 5 major Serbian destinations (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Zlatibor, Kopaonik) and for 7 types of tourists according to their core motivation for travelling (pleasure, fun & entertainment, nature, culture, sport & adventure, health, and business). Based on the given tourist profiles, separate marketing campaign scenarios were created for each of the market segments.

Possibility of Applying Economic Value Added in the Capital Market of the Republic of Srpska / Mogućnost Primene Dodate Ekonomske Vrednosti Na Tržištu Kapitala U Republici Srpskoj

The efficiency of a management team primarily depends on the level of improvement of enterprise performances, i.e. whether its market value has increased or whether it creates value for shareholders. The accounting net profit can provide a partial answer to this question because it covers only one portion of the cost of capital, i.e. the cost of debt capital, while the price and cost of equity are disregarded. The method of the economic value added takes into account an average cost of capital, i.e. it calculates the total costs of borrowed capital and own capital. This paper explores the possibility to calculate economic value added for an individual share within the share market index of BIRS.

Structural-Dimensional Concept of Tourism Service Quality / Strukturno-Dimenzionalni Koncept Kvaliteta Turističkih Usluga

The difficulties of delivering a consistently satisfactory quality of tourism services emerge as a result of the discrepancies between the productive structures and corresponding dimensional features of delivering values during their cycle of consumption. Organizational enterprise system is the primary responsible for the above mentioned phenomenon, and it consists of production (working) units and departments in charge of quality management as well as control and monitoring of the production processes, that is, the flow of delivery. This paper discusses the current models of structural complexity, dimensional observations of quality as well as the phases of user participation throughout the life cycle of tourism services. The possibility of identifying several typical levels in the complex tourism product provides the groundwork for a more meaningful comparison between “projected and actual quality”, as well as achieving greater organizational performances in the domain of market-delivered value of the resulting service. The main objective of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of deeper organizational and functional analysis models and continuous monitoring of the achieved quality. The effects of such systematic approach would be manifested to the ultimate degree of fulfillment of expectations and the overall customer or user satisfaction with tourism service.

Probation Service as Part of Penitentiary System in the Republic of Macedonia / Služba Probacije Као Deo Kazneno-Popravnog Sistema U Republici Makedoniji

The reform of the system of execution of sanctions is anticipated in the part of the reform of the criminal justice system of the Republic of Macedonia. The functional system for implementing sanctions in modern criminal justice systems implies a complex approach in which besides the dimension of punishment, the dimensions of social reintegration and victim protection play an important role. In such a context, the so-called probation system, has been established. Event though such system has not been established in the Republic of Macedonia up to now, its elements are contained in the existing legal framework in the material and procedural provisions. Some solutions of the previous system can be used with the aim to establish continuity on institutional and operational level.The starting point for the establishment of probation begins with amendments to the Criminal Code of 2004, where in the part that refers to criminal sanctions, the following alternative measures were imposed: probation, suspended sentence with supervision, conditional discontinuation of criminal proceedings, community service, court sanctions and house arrest. The probation is primarily directed towards designing and developing the system of regular individualized assessment of perpetrators, assessing the risk of re-offending, identifying objective and subjective reasons for previous criminal activity and enabling people who already served their prison sentence to have an active and meaningful involvement in the community.