This chapter introduces the symbolic management perspective as a comprehensive and integrative alternative to conventional economic theories of governance. It describes key tenets of the theory, including the proposition that there is a pervasive pattern of decoupling, or a symbolic separation between appearances and reality, at each level of the governance system, from micro-level interactions between leaders inside firms to the corporate governance system as a whole. It introduces the major forms of symbolic management, including symbolic organizational policies and structures, symbolic social and organizational processes, and collective forms of symbolic management that cross organizational boundaries. Also, it describes the social and psychological processes that facilitate symbolic management, including social influence processes, social network processes, group- and community-level biases, and the social psychological dynamics of firm leadership.