Provisional BCS Classification of the Leading Oral Drugs on the Global Market

Author(s):  
Arik Dahan ◽  
Gordon L. Amidon
Keyword(s):  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arik Dahan ◽  
Jonathan M. Miller ◽  
Gordon L. Amidon
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Yevheniia Voinova

The article examines the market of banking services in Ukraine through comparing indicators of competitiveness of Ukrainian banks and banks with foreign capital in the domestic market and global market. Taking into account the network-type structure of banks, six groups of banks are determined according to the degree of branching, namely: systemically important banks, all-Ukrainian equilibrium banks, all-Ukrainian concentrated banks, regional banks, local individual banks, closed banks. A particular emphasis is placed on a range of banking services and pricing policies of banks groups. The classification of factors developed by M. Yokoi-Arai and N. Yoshino is used in order to assess the competitiveness of Ukraine’s banks in terms of effectiveness and volume of services provided, information technology and resource management. About fifty indicators of banking activites performed by groups of banks with domestic and foreign capital are compared, and also best-performing banks in these groups are described based on the analysis of 82 operating banks in Ukraine. The article presents evidence that, under current conditions in Ukraine, banks with domestic and foreign capital are represented in all categories of banking services. It is pointed out that the highest competitiveness of Ukraine’s banks is observed in developing the network of ATM terminals, promoting Internet banking and, thus, a wide coverage of banking services. It is noted that Ukraine’s banks are less competitive in providing services for big businesses, international companies, funding projects, innovations and start-ups. The findings of the research paper can be useful for educational purposes as well as for professionals in the banking sector.


Author(s):  
Tetiana Rybakova

Relevance of research topic. One of the features of foreign economic activity is vulnerability because of fluctuations of the global market environment, which requires the use of mechanisms for its regulation using financial instruments, methods and leverage. Formulation of the problem. Effective regulation of foreign economic activity, which would correspond to its actual goals and objectives, requires the formation of financial regulatory levers system. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issues of financial mechanism and financial regulation functioning today are the subject of detailed research in the professional scientific literature on finance. Scientific interest is also caused by studies of modern financial regulatory mechanisms in various areas of the national economy, in particular, regulation in the sphere of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Nowadays there is no consensus on the essence of financial leverage, its features and place in the structure of the financial mechanism. There is a lack of research on the problems of using financial levers within the framework of the mechanism for regulating foreign economic activity. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Classification of financial levers of foreign economic activity regulation and specification of their composition as to methods and instruments of regulation. Method or methodology for conducting research. The system and structural approach, the method of logical analysis, the method of comparison were used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). In the paper the importance of applying financial levers in foreign economic activity regulation is grounded. Based on the essence of financial regulation, the structure of the financial mechanism, the goals and composition of the system of foreign economic activity financial regulation, the classification of financial levers for its regulation has been proposed. Directions of financial levers actions, forms of levers implementation, methods of regulation, and levels of regulation are highlighted as classification signs. In the framework of the proposed classification by regulation methods, a set of financial levers is presented in relation to the corresponding methods and instruments for foreign economic activity regulation. The field of application of results. Research of foreign economic activity financial regulation problems, educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses “Finance”, “Foreign Trade”). Conclusions according to the article. The specific features of financial levers of foreign economic activity regulation are their multi-level influence on it, orientation at obtaining strengthening or retaining effect in accordance with the goals the state sets in the sphere of foreign economic activity regulation. Each lever is used within the relevant regulatory instruments and putting them in motion, and is aimed at the implementation of the regulatory action. Financial levers of regulation are interconnected into a single system and should be used comprehensively in foreign economic activity regulation.


Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mzabri ◽  
Addi ◽  
Berrichi

The Aromatic and Medicinal Plants sector has undergone a remarkable evolution, especially during the last decade. The global market is moving more and more towards products of natural origin. Indeed, of the 4200-existing plant in Morocco, 800 are listed as aromatic and medicinal plants. Among these plants, saffron is a source of income for many areas of Morocco. Saffron, the dried stigma of the Crocus sativus flower, is considered among the main terroir products of Morocco. Saffron has accompanied all civilizations, whether for its culinary role, for its quality of dye or its ancestral virtues rooted in folk medicine. This review highlights the main components of saffron, and the pharmacological activities that result from it and make this product a serious therapeutic hope. Then, a classification of uses of saffron was carried out according to its uses, traditional, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and perfumery without forgetting its use a spice incorporated in many dishes around the world.


Author(s):  
Mónica Andrea Celeste Centeno-Rodríguez ◽  
Mónica Giovanna Gutiérrez-Cárdenas ◽  
Mariana Jaime-Patlán ◽  
Ezequiel Francisco Meza-Plaza ◽  
Karen Estefanía Montecillos-Ramírez ◽  
...  

Objective: To give an overview of the current situation of Mexican genuine cheeses (MGCs), their characteristics and their production processing conditions (milk origin, coagulation agent, type of ripening and maturation). Methodology: Information on about twenty MGCs available in scientific articles, databases, and Internet pages was collected, analyzed, and classified. Results: The main classification of MGCs is made with respect to their moisture content (soft or fresh, semi-soft or semi-hard, and hard). Most MGCs are not matured, thus limiting their shelf life and large-scale commercialization. Matured MGCs use their own microbiota, developing characteristic textures and flavors. Limitations: There is little research on the MGC manufacturing processes and their impact on the physical and sensory properties of the final product. Furthermore, no MGC has a designation of origin, which is a disadvantage on the global market. Conclusions: Most MGCs are produced manually and only few of them are produced on a (semi)industrial scale. Standardizing their production would allow their producers to make improvements and innovations on MGCs and increase their shelf life.


2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel A. S. Bergström ◽  
Melissa Strafford ◽  
Lucia Lazorova ◽  
Alex Avdeef ◽  
Kristina Luthman ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Andreas Menychtas ◽  
Kleopatra G. Konstanteli

The need for guaranteed QoS and efficient management in Service Oriented Infrastructures is an essential requirement for the deployment, execution, and management of modern business applications. In that frame, the capabilities for fault detection and recovery in all layers of a Service Oriented Infrastructure are essential for the smooth operation of the business applications and the wide adoption of these solutions in the global market. In this chapter, we present the concepts of fault detection and recovery, including terminology, classification of faults, and analysis of the key processes taking place in a system in order to diagnose and recover from failures. The state of the art mechanisms and techniques for fault detection and recovery are also analyzed, while recommendations for applying them in Service Oriented Infrastructure are presented.


Author(s):  
Yury Evgenievich Blagov ◽  
Yulia Nikolaevna Aray

The chapter presents a review of Russian and international experience in implementing educational programs in the area of social entrepreneurship. The authors analyze the specifics of the emergence and development of these programs, which reflect the dualism of the essence of social entrepreneurship. The chapter provides a classification of programs on the global market of business education by their types and forms of implementation. The authors list the peculiarities of education in the sphere of social entrepreneurship in Russia. They examine, in detail, the complementary professional in-service training program called “Project Management for Social Entrepreneurs,” which is administered in the Graduate School of Management at St Petersburg State University with the support of the Citi Foundation since 2012. They conclude that it is important to teach business leaders attending MBA/EMBA programs to help them shape social entrepreneurship competencies aimed at creating shared value.


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