Prospective solvency in ensuring the financial stability of the enterprise

Issues of ensuring the financial stability of enterprises are extremely important for the socio-economic development of Ukraine. Stable operation of the enterprise is possible only if the appropriate level of solvency of the enterprise. That is why the issues and problems related to ensuring solvency are given much attention in the scientific works of scientists from both foreign and domestic scientific schools. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to long-term solvency as an important component of the system of ensuring the stable functioning and development of the enterprise in the future. The task of the study is to analyze the approaches of scientists to the interpretation of the essence of prospective solvency and its role in ensuring the stable operation of the enterprise, determining the characteristic causes of its decline in modern socio-economic development of Ukraine; development of a proposal to ensure the solvency of the enterprise in the future. In the process of research general and special methods were used: analysis and synthesis, method of comparison, generalization, statistical, etc. The article considers the essence of perspective solvency of the enterprise and its role in ensuring stable functioning of the enterprise. The factors that determine it are systematized. The conceptual model of providing perspective solvency of the enterprise for the purpose of stable functioning and development of the enterprise which provides: definition of system of the corresponding indicators of perspective solvency for their constant monitoring is offered; finding out the possible reasons, which may result in loss of prospective solvency; the sequence of implementation of the necessary measures for its restoration and provision in the future. The results of this study can be used in the process of enterprise management to determine the real state of its solvency and develop measures to ensure it in the medium and long term.

A model for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy based on a neocluster approach

Subject of research: model of increasing the competitiveness of the national economy. The purpose of the study: develop a model for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy based on a neocluster approach. Research objectives: to develop the concept of a neocluster; to build a logical scheme for the formation of the competitiveness of the national economy on the basis of a neocluster approach. Methodology and research methods. General scientific and special methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a systematic approach were used to conduct the research. A neocluster concept has been developed, which includes the concept of a neocluster, distinctive features, and a structural diagram of a neocluster. A model for increasing the competitiveness of the economy of a country / region has been built on the basis of a neocluster approach and a mechanism for increasing the country's competitiveness has been substantiated. The causal relationships between the sources of competitiveness are identified: (elements of Industry 4.0), directions and factors of increasing competitiveness. The developed theoretical foundations of the neocluster and the logical model for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy based on the neocluster approach can serve as a theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of a neocluster policy.

Minimizing risks of integrating Ukrainian industry into global value chains

Relevance of the research topic Global value chains (GVC) are the dominant element of world trade, which incorporated various stages of processing into global supply chains of different development levels countries. The potential to include of Ukrainian producers into the GVC is very high, but not fully exploited now. Only innovative, technologically equipped, certified companies with a reliable business reputation have a chance to enter GVC. Formulation of the problem. The challenges of the coronavirus pandemic increase the importance of justifying new approaches to opportunities for Ukrainian industry, in particular, for successful integration into the GVC. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Changes in the organization of world trade have occurred in the context of the coronary. This is due to disruption of intermediate processing supply chains, shifting to shorter chains and control increasing over the quality and safety of products in compliance with sanitary standards. This opens up new opportunities for Ukrainian producers, while the problem of reducing risks and removing obstacles remains insufficiently studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The study aims to highlight key risks and development of a set of measures to minimize them while integrating Ukrainian industry in GVC. Method or methodology for conducting research. The work used general scientific methods: system analysis, abstract logical, expert assessments, as well as special research methods: statistical comparisons, groupings, sampling (to risk identification in the GVC integration process). Conclusions. Analysis of the development of GVC in the context of post-pandemic constraints made it possible to identify key risks and obstacles for Ukrainian producers, included among them are a high level of vulnerability was established from tightening control conditions and strict restrictions on supplies; The digital and technological gap in accordance with world standards; excessive concentration of the import component in selected product categories, causes dependence on foreign suppliers; a huge shortage of capital; decrease in profitability; deterioration of financial stability and solvency.

Ways of attracting foreign direct investment in the Ukrainian economy

Subject of research is the directions and ways of attracting foreign direct investment in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the essence and features of foreign direct investment and to study the foreign experience of ways to attract direct investment to Ukraine. Methods used in the research process: method of system-structural analysis and synthesis, method of comparative analysis, generalization, general scientific, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. Study results. The importance of foreign investments in the activity and development of the state is described. The main measures that need to be implemented to attract foreign investment are identified. International investment cooperation, given the high level of its efficiency, provides the country and its businesses with a number of current and future benefits. Positive and negative factors influencing the attraction of foreign investments into the state economy are outlined. One of the most common ways to attract direct investment to Ukraine is to create joint ventures, which are manifested in the processes of cooperation, pooling of knowledge, efforts, resources and experience. Motivational levers of influence on direct investment partners are singled out. They can be divided into two large groups. In the first case, firms are mainly engaged in the sale of goods and services produced in other countries, in the second - invest in the creation of production facilities in this country in order to sell products in the local market or export it to markets in other countries. Application of results. The results of the study can be used in the activities of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the National Commission on Securities and Stock Market, as well as in higher education institutions in the teaching of economic disciplines. Conclusions. Foreign investment plays an important role in the development of the country's economy. Attracting funds from foreign investors contributes to the intensification of the investment process, the introduction of new technologies, the use of advanced foreign experience, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, the growth of investment potential of the territories.

Environmental aspects of agricultural policies of the European Union countries

At present, the state of the economy of the agricultural sector in many countries of the world, including in the countries of the European Union (EU), inherent in developed industry, has led to the transition to a new environmentally oriented agricultural policy. An important role is assigned to state support of agricultural producers, through subsidies, preferential credit policy, and in some countries, the complete abolition of taxation of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas, which confirms the relevance and national economic significance of the article. In domestic agroeconomic science and practice, there is no scientific concept of state participation in the process of bringing the agricultural sector out of the crisis. Research objectives – consider the development policy of the agricultural sector of the EU countries; study the level of state support for agricultural producers. The purpose of the work is to consider the degree of development of the agricultural policy of the EU countries in the context of ensuring food security. The methods and methodology of the research were general scientific, particular methods of cognition, including the historical and logical, the method of observation and comparison. Shows the main approaches to state regulation of the development of the agro-industrial sector at the level of the European Union as a whole and in the context of member countries; characteristic features and principles that determine the success and integrity of a unified agricultural policy; factors contributing to the productivity of agricultural land; agro-ecological requirements restricting the import of genetically modified products; the main tasks in the development of a new policy of the agrarian sector of the economy; priority directions of regulation of measures to support agricultural producers, integrated development of rural areas, increasing the competitiveness of the EU agricultural sector. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that this study will allow the state bodies of Belarus to better understand how it is necessary to form an agricultural policy in the context of ensuring food security.

Current realities and trends in the functioning of public finance in Ukraine

Subject of research is state finance. The aim of the study is analysis of modern realities and trends in public finance in Ukraine. The methods used during the study: generalization, method of comparative analysis, method of system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical, general scientific, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. The results of the work. The essence and main purpose of public finances are described. It is stated that it is a conceptual basis of the modern doctrine of public finance and a shortcoming of the current classification system of the public finance sector in Ukraine. The most acute problems concentrated in the sphere of public finances of Ukraine are noted; public finance management functions that are at the center of innovation processes. The scope of the results: Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, local self-government bodies, united territorial communities. Conclusions. The formation of a socially oriented market society in Ukraine and its integration into the world community lead to systematic modernization in all spheres of public life, including public finance management. All this is reflected in the change of the functional imperative of public finance management in Ukraine in the process of transition to an innovative model of development, determined by both social transformations of Ukrainian society and systemic civilizational processes of post-industrial nature. Today, most leading countries unanimously recognize the need to restart public finance systems on an innovative basis to ensure financial stability and prevent systemic financial crises. Ukraine has also chosen the path of innovative development and is moving in this direction.

Social service in the system of social protection of the population: theoretical, methodological and financial aspects

Relevance of research. Ukraine, according to its Constitution, is a social state, whose activities are aimed at creating conditions that ensure a dignified life and free human development. The evolution of such state occurs through the implementation of a social function, the meaning of which is to provide guarantees of a social nature, social protection, social attending, social partnership and the like. Formulation of the problem. With the implementation of socio-economic reforms in Ukraine in the early 90s, the system of providing social services to the population has undergone major changes. In Soviet times, social services were provided in the social security system in stationary institutions: nursing homes, orphanages, boarding schools (hospitals) for neuropsychiatric patients, etc. In terms of their goals and content, they were aimed at helping those categories of the population who could not independently serve themselves through loneliness, orphanhood, severe disability or illness. The transition to a market economic system, a sharp increase in the number of citizens in need of social protection in the early 90s, forced the state and the institution of local self-government, which appeared during the reforms, to rethink the role of social services in human life and the organization of their provision. Networks of state and municipal institutions began to be created, designed to provide specialized social assistance, which made it possible to form a new system of social attending for the population. The rapid growth of the population's needs for social services, their impact on the dynamics of the development of society and the nature of social relations, forced to take care of the financial sources for the provision of such services. However, this issue has not yet been finally resolved. The market economy requires the creation of a multi-channel system for financing of social protection of the population. Analysis of recent research and publications. Modern research on social attending are often carried out in the context of social policy, social work, or social assistance. Among foreign scientists studying social issues are T. E. Demidova, G. Inglehart, E. E. Machulskaya, V. Pareto, V. D. Roick, R. Titmus, E. I. Kholostova, S. Eisebi, L. Erhard, G. Esping-Andersen and many others. Among the latest publications of domestic authors, scientific articles should be named: S. A. Gorbunova-Ruban and I. M. Vitkovskaya, who analyze the activities of public organizations as subjects of the provision of social services in the city of Kharkov. К. Dubich research is dedicated to the issues of state management of social services; I. V. Meschan considers social services as a component of the system of social protection of the population from the standpoint of the sociological and managerial aspect and covers in detail the theoretical approaches to the concepts of “service” and “social service”; Popok A. and Greby G. make a structural and functional analysis of the system of social services in Ukraine; Rotar V. explores modern approaches to understanding the content of the category "social services"; Savchuk L. analyzes the reforming of the system of social services in the context of decentralization and some others. The financial aspects of social services are highlighted along with other issues of financial provision of social protection of the population. Unexplored parts of the general problem. Despite the number of works on social protection and social attending, it should be noted that the evolution of social protection, economic reforms in the country encourage further study of theoretical foundations and search for financial sources of social services, taking into account the difficult financial situation of the economy and implementation strategic course of Ukraine for European integration. Many questions of theoretical and methodological nature remain open. Problem statement, research objectives. The purpose of the article is to highlight the unsolved problems of social attending in Ukraine of a theoretical, methodological and financial nature, as well as to present the author's vision of their solution. To achieve the goal, the article sets and solves the following tasks: to analyze the theoretical and methodological foundations of social attending (services) for the population as one of the important elements of the social security system; to identify the features of the domestic model of financial provision of social attending; to determine the prospects for social attending in Ukraine. Method and methodology of the study. During the study, historical, analytical-empirical, inductive-deductive, comparative research methods were used to establish the theoretical and methodological foundations of social services in Ukraine, as well as to clarify some issues of financial support of the existing model of the system of social services in Ukraine. The method of expert assessments, the causal (cause-and-effect) method of scientific research were used for understanding of the state of the modern system of social services in Ukraine and to determine the directions for further research in this area. The results of study. The paper examines the theoretical, methodological and financial aspects of social attending, shows its structural and logical scheme, developed by the authors. It has been established that in economic theory and in practice concerning social attending there is confusion in basic concepts and terms. It is, first, because in Ukraine there is still no single normative legal act that would clearly define all controversial issues and regulate legal relations between the state and citizens on the issues of receiving various types of social assistance. It is argued that the concept of "social attending" should not be replaced by the concept of "provision of social services". It means the performance of work, functions related to the satisfaction of someone's requests or needs, so in its content is a broader concept, as it involves the creation of conditions for the development of social capital. Social attending is an independent element of the system of social protection of the population; it includes the provision of social services. The structural and logical scheme of social services is presented. It is shown that the system of social services in Ukraine is constantly in the process of modernization in accordance with the new needs of citizens and modern world approaches to social attending. Several approaches of scientists to social attending are analyzed. It is argued that in recent years, due to the war in the East of the country and the need to fight coronavirus infection during the 2020-2021 pandemic. There was a reorientation of spending on social protection and social security in favor of social attending, namely, the provision of social services to the population, as well as an increase in the remuneration of workers involved in this process. It was found that local budgets and the budgets of the united territorial communities became a significant factor in financial support in the context of the decentralization reform. The article presents the parameters of the provision of social services by united territorial communities (UTC). It is forms a general idea of the resource potential of UTC within certain regions and how actively they are involved in the process of social services to their residents. It is found out why the pilot project "Development of social services", intended for the development of social services of the UTC, failed in 2020. The assessments of domestic experts in the field of social attending were studied, which made it possible to form an idea of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing system of social services. Possible ways of its improvement are outlined. The creation of a multichannel financing system is named as a feature of financial support for social protection of the population, including social services. The authors note that budget funding should be allocated on a competitive basis, and a contract should be concluded with the winner for the provision of services at the expense of the budget. The mission of the state in this matter is to control the quality of social services, the timeliness and targeting of their provision, the targeted and rational use of funds. The provision of social services should be carried out on a competitive basis. The field of results application. The research results can be used in theory and practice in the field of social services. The indicated shortcomings of the existing system for the provision of social services and their analysis will be a useful source of information for developing ways to improve the domestic model of financial support for the provision of social services to the population of Ukraine. Conclusions. The study of the theoretical, methodological and financial aspects of social attending in Ukraine gives grounds to draw the following conclusions. Despite the adoption of a number of regulatory documents defining the concept of "social services", there is confusion in economic theory and in practice on the use of basic concepts and terms. It is because Ukraine still does not have a single regulatory legal act that would clearly define all these points and regulate the legal relationship between the state and citizens regarding the receipt of various types of social assistance. The concept of "social services" should not be replaced by the concept of "provision of social services". Social attending means the performance of work, functions related to the satisfaction of someone's needs or needs. Therefore, in its content, it is a broader concept, since it implies the creation of conditions for the development of social capital, and not only the provision of social services to vulnerable categories of the population or citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. This term should designate one of the elements of the social protection system of the population, which is engaged in the provision of social services. The system of social services in Ukraine is constantly in the process of renewal and modernization in accordance with the new needs of citizens and modern world approaches to social services. The adoption of the new edition of the Law "On social services" and the classifier of social services is an important step towards reforming the system of social services. A feature of the financial provision of social attending in a market economy is the creation of a multichannel financing system. It means that various subjects of the social services market should be involved in the provision of services, and the state should exercise control over their quality, targeted and rational use of funds, timeliness and targeting of their provision. The mission of the state in this matter is to help service providers financially on a competitive basis. The existing system for the provision of social services has a number of shortcomings. It still remains distant from the real needs of a specific person who needs social protection, so it cannot yet be considered effective. Prospects for further research should be conducted in the direction of deepening theoretical research in the following areas: A clearer definition of the economic and legal content of categories and concepts in the in the social security system; Development of the Social Code of Ukraine; Improvement of the domestic model of financial support for the in the social security system, including social attending for the population, for the delineation of financial powers between providers of social services, as well as the development of a methodology for assessing the financial efficiency of the provision of social services.

Exports diversification as a key point of Сhina’s trade strategy

Nowadays, economic diversification remains a key challenge for most developing countries. The world trading system is developing from universal liberalization to increased protectionism which imposes additional difficulties in countries’ exports development and puts export diversification at the heart of a strategy for economic diversification. China's foreign trade is also in a critical period of rapid development and transformation at present. China is building a new pattern of integration into the world economic system, but its economic transformation is not smooth and faces problems. Taking into account China’s high reliance on exports, one of the most important threat to China’s economic development – the susceptibility to fluctuations in global economy – is largely due to a low level of Chinese exports diversification. In order to achieve a more sustainable long-term economic growth and hedge against the impact of external shocks China needs to diversify its exports markets, range of exported products and trade methods. Purpose. The purpose of the article is the research of practical aspects of exports diversification in China, identification of features and problems of China’s exports product and market diversification, diversification of trade methods and high-tech products exports diversification. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the theories of foreign trade and industrial policy, as well as by the researches realized in the field of exports diversification. The information basis of the study are the databases of UNCTAD, WTO and National Bureau of Statistics of China. General scientific methods, systematic approach, economic-statistical methods are used in the research. Findings. An analysis of China’s exports diversification was realized in the article, including revealing of features and problems of China’s exports product and market diversification, diversification of trade methods and high-tech products exports diversification, as well as identification of some driving effects of China’s exports diversification on its economic development and substantiation of the significance to improve its export diversification strategy in order to reduce economic risks and promote the sustainable development of foreign trade.

Use of multimedia technologies during distance learning in higher education institutions

In the context of modern scientific, technical and information revolution, education functions as a complex socio-economic organism, which plays an important role in the progress of mankind. The state policy in the field of education is an integral part of the state policy. Everything that happens in society, economy, culture, one way or another, affects the formation and implementation of educational policy, the functioning of the education system as a whole. The aim of the article is to highlight the essence of the "multimedia" concept, "multimedia technologies" and "distance learning", the characteristics of the types of multimedia products that are most often used to study theoretical material, revealing the benefits of using multimedia technologies in the educational environment.The article reveals the essence of concepts: "multimedia", "multimedia technologies" and "distance learning", describes the types of multimedia products that are often used to organize the study of theoretical material, discloses the advantages of using multimedia technologies in the educational environment, identifies the main methodological and didactic requirements to the use of multimedia technologies in training at a higher education institution. Conclusions: using multimedia technologies allows to individualize the learning process and promotes the independence of applicants. Thanks to these technologies, the interest of applicants in the educational component increases, there is confidence that he is able to learn it, by re-studying the material at a convenient time. It is also possible to adjust the time and duration of training to your own schedule and capabilities.

Regional development: organizational and economic mechanism in the context of the fourth industrial revolution

Relevance of the research topic. The information and knowledge flow management is an important component for regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. It allows taking advantage of the opportunities hidden in the digital transformation of the business community and providing the transformations necessary to reorient development towards inclusive and sustainable growth. Formulation of the problem. Managing the process of introducing Industry 4.0 technologies based on effective state and collective strategies opens up opportunities for regional development, but requires the development of special decision support tools, scientific substantiation of the model of systemic transformation of the region, identification of the main stakeholders and the mechanism of their interaction. Analysis of recent research and publications. The works of such researchers as Yasheva G. A. and Fateev V. S. (Belarus), Lenchuk E. B. (Russia), Götz M. and Jankowska B. (Poland), Ciffolilli A. and Muscio A. (Italy) and others are devoted to the issues of territorial and regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The mechanism of small businesses involving in the process of the necessary systemic transformation in the context of the fourth industrial revolution has not been sufficiently studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theories of regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and to propose an organizational and economic mechanism for the digital transformation of the regional business community, including the SMEs’ sector. Method or methodology for conducting research. The research used the methods of analogies, analysis and synthesis, sociological survey. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The article analyzes the main concepts of regional development, concludes that it is necessary to consolidate regional actors according to the ‘Quadruple Helix’ model based on inter-organizational information systems in order to introduce Industry 4.0 technologies. An algorithm for the development of an electronic platform from a cluster site to an information system of integrated supply chains is proposed on the example of the Novopolotsk innovative and industrial petrochemical cluster. The field of application of results. The results of the research can be used by companies providing activity in regional development and small business support, in scientific and educational institutions, in public administration. Conclusions according to the article. Networked connections between regional actors, innovation networks based on the open innovation paradigm and integrated supply chains promote region development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, this requires appropriate institutional conditions.