Load Control and Management of Systems with Thermal Power, Hydro Power, and Wind

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lennart Söder
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Control And Management

The Commercial Potentials of Underground Natural Gas Storage in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedamola Adegun ◽  
Femi Rufai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Natural Gas Storage ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Energy Mix

Abstract Nigeria is the 2nd biggest natural gas producer in Africa, with much of it exported as LNG, some re-injected while a small fraction serves the domestic market. The volume supplied to the domestic market plays an outsized role in the energy mix and economy of Nigeria with over 90% supplied to thermal power plants and industrial clusters. As huge upstream gas projects continue to take Final Investment Decision, pipeline takeaway capacity grows and demand increases, the dependence on natural gas and preponderance in the energy mix will likely persist. Natural gas is the present and future of Nigeria's energy needs. The domestic gas industry is evolving but has been fraught with challenges. Oil and gas infrastructure are often disrupted and production shut-in, mostly triggered by infrastructure unavailablity, environmental concerns and prioritisation of hydro power generation during River Niger's white and black floods, all of which come at a cost to upstream producers. Gas producers are often compelled to curtail production of gas plants (associated and non-associated) to avoid environmental disasters and prohibitive gas flare penalties. Can underground gas storage (UGS) be an opportunity for gas producers to guarantee continued operations during disruptions and provide buffer for national strategic benefits? This paper seeks to explore the potential technical and economic dynamics of underground natural gas storage in Nigeria in the context of extant technical regulations, seasonal demand variations, gas flare penalties and local operating environment. The paper presents types of underground storages and recommends the most suitable, considers options for optimal location of UGS in Nigeria and undertakes an economic evaluation of a UGS project. The findings are further presented alongside the critical technical, regulatory and fiscal factors that may facilitate future investments and growth of underground gas storage in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Latin America and the Cop21 Agreement: A Most Severe Implementation Problematic

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Great Energy ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p><em>As the Latin American countries have hardly started developing implementation strategies of the agreed upon COP21 objectives, their situation should be more researched. The CO2:s are really high in 2 countries but medium in all the others; Mexico and Brazil that face enormous difficulties with global warming. Thus, the dominant energy reliance remains much fixed upon oil and natural gas, but with some third component like hydro, geothermal or biomass power. Hydro power is used much but it presents a risk as it requires lots of water, which further global warming may deny—look at Venezuela today. Brazil’s plans for 30 new dams in the Amazons together with ongoing logging and new agriculture will destroy the rain forest Major investments in wind, solar, geo-thermal power or/and nuclear power are called for, besides the plenty biomass and hydro power. But to make a great energy transformation towards renewables and atomic power, the Latin American countries need massive assistance from the promised Super Fund. Only Uruguay has come far with the changes towards renewables, producing electricity with 100% renewables, including wind power.</em></p>

Uttarakhand

Mapping Power ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 296-318
Author(s):  
Jonathan Balls
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
High Level ◽  
Financial Base ◽  
Breathing Room ◽  
High Share

Uttarakhand was created out of Uttar Pradesh and endowed with a substantial benefit: sole access to cheap hydro power. Low-cost power allowed the state to attract industry by cutting tariffs, providing a stable financial base, and enabling a well-functioning sector. With low tariffs, the power sector has not become an arena for populist policies despite frequent electoral shifts. However, this comfortable situation also limited the pressure to use the breathing room created by low cost power coupled with high share of industrial consumption to address long-standing loss levels in other parts of the state. As the limits of low-cost power are reached, the threat to Uttarakhand’s high-level equilibrium comes from having to turn to high-cost thermal power and stagnating industrial consumption.

scholarly journals Hydro-reservoir management and unit-commitment in energy optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Leite Loução Junior ◽  
Marlon Sproesser Mathias ◽  
Claudia Sagastizábal ◽  
Luiz-Rafael Santos ◽  
Francisco Nogueira Calmon Sobral
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Optimal Dispatch

In partnership with CCEE, CEPEL and RADIX as industrial partners, in 2021 the study group focused on the dynamics of hourly prices when industrial consumers are demand responsive, as a follow-up of the industrial problem tackled in 2018 and 2019, on ``Day-ahead pricing mechanisms for hydro-thermal power systems''. Demand response is currently being tested by the Brazilian independent system operator and by the trading chamber, ONS. The program considers reductions of consumption of some clients as an alternative to dispatching thermal power plants out of the merit order. The day-ahead problem of finding optimal dispatch and prices for the Brazilian system is modelled as a mixed-integer linear programming problem, with non-convexities related to fixed costs and minimal generation requirements for some thermal power plants. The work focuses on the point of view of an individual hydro-power generator, to determine business opportunities related to adhering to a demand response program.

Micro-Grid Planning and Resilience Within Bulk System Planning and Operation

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-247
Author(s):  
Tefaye Belay
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Grid Planning ◽  
Micro Grids

Micro grid is widely used in real worlds for advanced forecasting and demand response of renewable energy source, grid integration, and operations. Micro grid consists of conventional and nonconventional energy source such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, hydro power, diesel power, fuel cell, geothermal power, thermal power, etc. Micro grid is a combination of AC power and DC power such as wind, solar, fuel cell, biomass, and Hydro power, which is mostly used in micro grids. Grid can be operated by grid connected mode or islanding modes. Micro grid is classified into traditional micro grids and smart micro grids.

scholarly journals Hybrid wind power balance control strategy using thermal power, hydro power and flow batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 310-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linas Gelažanskas ◽  
Audrius Baranauskas ◽  
Kelum A.A. Gamage ◽  
Mindaugas Ažubalis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Flow Batteries

Conversion of Electrical Energy in the Processes of Its Generation and Transmission

2010 ◽  
pp. 208-230
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Electrical Generator ◽  
Burning Coal

Electrical energy can be obtained by burning coal (thermal power plant), by using nuclear fuel (nuclear power plant) or by using the power of water (hydro power plant). In these cases, the energy obtained by the sources put a shaft of an electrical generator in motion. The generator generates electrical energy – see Figure 1. In the installation, excitation system for the generator is used. The system turns on an uncontrolled rectifier, thyristor-controlled rectifier or AC thyristor regulator dependent on the generator type. The obtained energy is transmitted using a transmission system towards consumers. The transmission yet is made mainly in high-voltage AC energy form (HVAC). In different parts of the transmission network the voltage value may be different. There are so-called high-voltage (420 kV, 220 kV, 110 kV, etc) and medium voltage (20 kV, 6.6 kV, etc.) systems. General consumers consume electrical energy from so-called low-voltage systems (230V, 50Hz or 110V, 60Hz). During the transmission the type of energy does not change, only the value of the voltage changes using transformers.

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