scholarly journals Latin America and the Cop21 Agreement: A Most Severe Implementation Problematic

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Great Energy ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p><em>As the Latin American countries have hardly started developing implementation strategies of the agreed upon COP21 objectives, their situation should be more researched. The CO2:s are really high in 2 countries but medium in all the others; Mexico and Brazil that face enormous difficulties with global warming. Thus, the dominant energy reliance remains much fixed upon oil and natural gas, but with some third component like hydro, geothermal or biomass power. Hydro power is used much but it presents a risk as it requires lots of water, which further global warming may deny—look at Venezuela today. Brazil’s plans for 30 new dams in the Amazons together with ongoing logging and new agriculture will destroy the rain forest Major investments in wind, solar, geo-thermal power or/and nuclear power are called for, besides the plenty biomass and hydro power. But to make a great energy transformation towards renewables and atomic power, the Latin American countries need massive assistance from the promised Super Fund. Only Uruguay has come far with the changes towards renewables, producing electricity with 100% renewables, including wind power.</em></p>

scholarly journals Costs of an Alcohol Measurement Intervention in Three Latin American Countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Adriana Solovei ◽  
Jakob Manthey ◽  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Liesbeth Mercken ◽  
Eva Jané Llopis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Standard Training ◽  
Latin American Countries

Alcohol measurement in health care settings is an effective intervention for reducing alcohol-related harm. However, in many countries, costs related to alcohol measurement have not yet been transparently assessed, which may hinder its adoption and implementation. Costs of an alcohol measurement programme in three upper-middle-income Latin American countries were assessed via questionnaires and compared, as part of the quasi-experimental SCALA study. Additional to the intervention costs, the costs of three implementation strategies: standard training and clinical package, intensive training and clinical package, and community support, were assessed and subsequently translated into costs per additional alcohol measurement session. Results demonstrated that costs for one alcohol measurement session ranged between Int$ 0.67 and Int$ 1.23 in Colombia, Int$ 1.19 and Int$ 2.57 in Mexico, and Int$ 1.11 and Int$ 2.14 in Peru. Costs were mainly driven by the salaries of the health professionals. Implementation strategies costs per additional alcohol measurement session ranged between Int$ 1.24 and Int$ 6.17. In all three countries, standard training and a clinical package may be a promising implementation strategy with a relatively low cost per additional alcohol measurement session.

scholarly journals The Implementation of COP21 Agreement in the Third World

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Third World ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Very High

<div><p><em>The so-called Third World must now start developing implementation strategies of the COP21 objectives. In both emerging economies and poor countries, CO2:s area rather high except some countries where CO2:s are very high. Thus, the energy reliance upon coal – wood or solid – as well as petroleum must be transformed somehow. Hydro power requires lots of water, which further global warming may deny – look at Venezuela today. Thus, major investments in wind, solar or/and nuclear power are called for, which will have to be partly financed by the COP21 superfund. Yet, implementing a major decarbonisation conflicts with the developmental goals of Third World countries whatever they may be: “catch-up”, reducing poverty, UN development framework, etc. Implementation theory (Wildavsky, Sabatier) teaches us humbleness about the likelihood of goal fulfillment.</em></p></div>

Conversion of Electrical Energy in the Processes of Its Generation and Transmission

2010 ◽  
pp. 208-230
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Electrical Generator ◽  
Burning Coal

Electrical energy can be obtained by burning coal (thermal power plant), by using nuclear fuel (nuclear power plant) or by using the power of water (hydro power plant). In these cases, the energy obtained by the sources put a shaft of an electrical generator in motion. The generator generates electrical energy – see Figure 1. In the installation, excitation system for the generator is used. The system turns on an uncontrolled rectifier, thyristor-controlled rectifier or AC thyristor regulator dependent on the generator type. The obtained energy is transmitted using a transmission system towards consumers. The transmission yet is made mainly in high-voltage AC energy form (HVAC). In different parts of the transmission network the voltage value may be different. There are so-called high-voltage (420 kV, 220 kV, 110 kV, etc) and medium voltage (20 kV, 6.6 kV, etc.) systems. General consumers consume electrical energy from so-called low-voltage systems (230V, 50Hz or 110V, 60Hz). During the transmission the type of energy does not change, only the value of the voltage changes using transformers.

scholarly journals Latin-Caribbean America in geostrategy of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Oleg Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Latin American Countries

The policy and implementation of geostrategy of the Russian Federation in relation to the countries of the Latin-Caribbean region are considered. Russia is increasingly trying to demonstrate the status of a strategic partner with respect to Latin American Caribbean countries through the conclusion of various partnership agreements. On this basis, since the 2000s, the Russian Federation has sought to regain its influence in those Latin American countries that were the traditional sphere of presence of the USSR during the Cold War. It has been established that Russia is trying to gain favour among Latin American countries by establishing economic relations, mainly of a commercial nature. The Russian Federation has significant contracts for the supply of weapons to Latin American countries and is involved in the implementation of a number of energy projects, including the construction of nuclear power plants. Russia is also trying to demonstrate its presence in the region through the manoeuvres of its long-range strategic aviation and naval forces. At the same time, Russia is resorting to the support of bankrupt Latin American regimes such as the government of N. Maduro in Venezuela. All this has only exacerbated the crisis in Venezuela and its autocratic rule and led to a double rule in the country. However, Russia risks being pushed out of the region by China and the United States, which consider Latin America as a proving ground for a strategy of geo-economic “conquest”. The key countries for implementing the strategy of restoring Russia’s presence in the region are: Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua and partly Brazil. The Russian Federation views these countries as strategic partners and a foothold for the further expansion of geopolitical and geo-economic influence in Latin America, as well as restrictions in the region of US influence. Against the backdrop of isolated manoeuvres by the Russian Air Force and the Navy, Moscow makes periodic statements about the rebuilding of former Soviet military bases in Latin American countries. However, such rhetoric of the Russian Federation can be regarded more as geopolitical PR in order to represent the virtual grandeur of Russia.

ENERGI NUKLIR SEBAGAI SOLUSI UNTUK MENGHAMBAT PEMANASAN GLOBAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Nuryatin Finahari
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Technological Test ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the earth surface, atmosphere and oceans.The global warming in recent years has been international issues. The issues come to the surfacebecause global warming has the very big impact to the world and the lives of animal, plant and human,such as world climate change. The main cause of global warming is the combustion of fossil fuel suchas coal, oil and natural gas, that released carbon dioxide and other gases to atmosphere as greenhousegases. One of alternative to retard this global warming is by replacing fossil fuel with utilization of nuclearenergy for power plant. As a comparison, a 1,000 MWe nuclear power plant as a substitute for coal fi redpower plant at the same capacity, will reduce 6,000,000 tons of CO2 gas emission per year. Consideringenvironmental aspect, the nuclear power plant is not emitting CO2 gas, so that the use of nuclear powerplant can retard the global warming. Considering economic aspect, based on operational experienceof nuclear power plants in advanced countries, it is shown that cost of generating electricity of nuclearpower plants is more competitive than fossil fuel power plant. Considering safety aspect, nuclear powerplant operating in the world, have passed by a technological test. They have also an excellent operationreliability and a very good safety system.

scholarly journals NANO Mercury Power Plant (Non Conventional /Renewable)

2012 ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Devendra Panchal ◽  
Patane R. D.
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Tidal Power Plant ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
New Type ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Power plant is used to production of electricity by so many types of technology. Like Hydro power plant, Thermal power plant, Nuclear power plant, Gas turbine power plant, combined cycle power plant, solar power plant, Wind power plant, Tidal power plant, Diesel generator, petrol generator, this all are power plant run by fuel and generate electricity. I am introducing new type and technology power plant.

Test Use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Latin American Countries

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.

Test movement in Ibero-Latin American countries

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Muglia Wechsler ◽  
Maria Perez Solis ◽  
Conceicao Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Magno ◽  
Norma Contini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Countries

The Spanish Translation of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire: On the Legal Status of Translation and its Various Values

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Tania P. Hernández-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Translation Rights ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Legal Battle

Throughout the nineteenth century, European booksellers and publishers, mostly from France, England, Germany and Spain, produced textual materials in Europe and introduced them into Mexico and other Latin American countries. These transatlantic interchanges unfolded against the backdrop of the emergence of the international legal system to protect translation rights and required the involvement of a complex network of agents who carried with them publishing, translating and negotiating practices, in addition to books, pamphlets, prints and other goods. Tracing the trajectories of translated books and the socio-cultural, economic and legal forces shaping them, this article examines the legal battle over the translation and publishing rights of Les Leçons de chimie élémentaire, a chemistry book authored by Jean Girardin and translated and published in Spanish by Jean-Frédéric Rosa. Drawing on a socio-historical approach to translation, I argue that the arguments presented by both parties are indicative of the uncertainty surrounding the legal status of translated texts and of the different values then attributed to translation.

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