Appendix 1: Screening for Neurological Dysfunction in the Specific Learning Difficulty Child

2017 ◽  
pp. 365-375
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Specific Learning

Screening for Neurological Dysfunction in the Specific Learning Difficulty Child

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Goddard Blythe ◽  
David Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Remedial Education ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Remedial Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Specific Learning

A developmental questionnaire was given to the parents of 140 children. Seventy of the children had a history of specific learning difficulties which had not responded to normal remedial education. The remaining 70 had no history of specific learning difficulties. The research was undertaken to ascertain whether the developmental questionnaire could be used as a reliable instrument to detect the neuro-developmental delay underlying the specific learning difficulties and preventing remedial intervention from being effective. The results revealed that the screening questionnaire did discriminate between the two populations. At a 98% confidence level, a child with a score of 7 or more belonged to the specific learning difficulty group and a child scoring 2 or less did not. A score of 7 or more is therefore necessary to identify a neuro-developmentally based specific learning difficulty. The two populations were also compared on individual questions to identify which early developmental factors were significant in predicting later learning difficulties when viewed as part of a developmental profile.

Visual Perception in Specific Learning Difficulties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Neriman Aral
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Specific Learning

From the moment the child is born, learning becomes meaningful and it is interpreted as a result of the experiences first in the family and then in school. However, it is sometimes not possible to talk about the fact that learning takes place in all children although the process has taken place in this direction. Sometimes the individual differences that exist in children and the inability to get the necessary support in structuring their learning experiences can be effective in the failure of learning, while sometimes the type of congenital difficulty can be effective. One of these types of difficulty is a specific learning difficulty. It is not always possible for children with specific learning difficulties to learn, even if they do not have any mental problems. In this case, many factors can be effective, especially the problems that children experience in their visual perception can become effective. Since visual perception is the processing of symbols received from the environment in the brain, the problem that may be experienced in this process can also make it difficult to learn this situation. In line with these considerations, it is aimed to focus on the importance of visual perception in specific learning difficulties.

Adulthood

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Selikowitz
Keyword(s):  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Musical Piece ◽  
Auguste Rodin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hans Christian Andersen ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
Children's Stories ◽  
Specific Learning ◽  
Experience Difficulty

All children with specific learning difficulties improve as they grow. In some, the difficulties resolve completely, while others continue to have some degree of difficulty in the specific areas of learning affected. We still have no way of determining which children will continue to experience difficulty and which will not. Nor do we have reliable figures on the relative proportions of those where the difficulties resolve completely and those where they persist. This chapter provides information and advice for adults with persisting specific learning difficulties. Many people are designed to be better adults than children. A child has little opportunity of selecting those things that he enjoys or finds easier, and to avoid those he dislikes or finds difficult. He is required to be an all-rounder, performing a wide range of activities, many under the critical scrutiny of his teachers and peers. It is daunting to think of what many children are required to do regularly at school: reading aloud, writing something that will be marked (for content, neatness, and spelling), doing arithmetical computations that will be checked, playing competitive sport, performing in a play in public, and playing a musical piece to a critical audience. An adult, on the other hand, can have a successful career and avoid any, or all, of these activities. Many famous people are said to have had a specific learning difficulty as children, but it is very difficult to know for certain if this is true. Nevertheless, many of their stories are highly suggestive of the condition. What they all show, whether they had a specific learning difficulty or not, is that problems with learning in childhood need not be a bar to outstanding achievements in adulthood. There follow some examples. . . . Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875) . Famous as an author of children’s stories such as ‘The Little Match-girl’ and ‘The Little Mermaid’, his handwriting shows characteristics of specific learning difficulty. . . . . . . Auguste Rodin (1840–1917). Now famous for his sculptures, such as ‘The Thinker’ and ‘The Burghers of Calais’, he was regarded as ‘an idiot’, and ‘ineducable’ as a child. . . .

scholarly journals Timing is key to providing modified assessments for students with specific learning difficulties

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Christian P Gray ◽  
Steven A Burr
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Choice Question ◽  
Knowledge Assessment ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Medical Program ◽  
Assessment Performance ◽  
Specific Learning

Abstract Introduction Medical students who are diagnosed with a specific learning difficulty (SpLD) will typically receive a reasonable adjustment within examinations in the form of modified assessment provision (MAP). This study investigated whether the timing of SpLD diagnosis and subsequent implementation of MAP has an impact on performance in applied medical knowledge multiple choice question (MCQ) assessments. Method The MCQ performance of 108 students diagnosed with SpLD who received a MAP was monitored and compared with 1960 students who received an unmodified assessment, over 5 years of a medical program. Students who received a SpLD diagnosis in the latter years of the program were identified as not receiving a MAP in assessments prior to diagnosis. Results Differences were found between declaration and diagnosis, with 44.4% of students who declared and 48.1% who did not declare subsequently receiving a diagnosis. Students with SpLD who receive a MAP increase their applied medical knowledge assessment performance, although there is a delay of up to a year for this impact to reach significance. Conclusion Early diagnosis of SpLD is necessary to ensure the intended benefit is received from MAP.

scholarly journals Helping learners with dyslexia read in English

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Blagovesta Troeva
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Teaching Of Reading ◽  
Conventional Teaching ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Sequential Instruction ◽  
Learning Reinforcement ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Specific Learning

Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty which resists conventional teaching methods. The phonological deficit hypothesis of dyslexia determines the present day focus on phonics targeting the primary area of difficulties experienced by learners with dyslexia – decoding. Phonological instruction, however, needs to be accompanied by the development of comprehension skills and presented within a rich language environment. Verbal memory and processing difficulties, typically associated with dyslexia, as well as other frequently co-occurring disorders require the adoption of a number of additional strategies for the teaching of reading to learners with dyslexia. The paper identifies a number of them: multi-sensory approaches, systematic (structured, cumulative and sequential) instruction, over-learning, reinforcement and metacognition. It recognizes the need of time, task and materials differentiation. The choice of particular teaching methods should take into account both the learner’s weaknesses and strengths. Such individually adapted teaching makes the successful inclusion of learners with dyslexia possible in the mainstream classroom.

scholarly journals Specific learning difficulty: autism, dyscalculia, dyslexia and dysgraphia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Karina Eliana Castro Intriago ◽  
Liliana Magdalena Alcívar Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Alfredo Tubay Cevallos
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Specific Learning

There are specific learning difficulties such as autism, dyscalculia, dyslexia and dysgraphia, the purpose of this article is to understand how these disorders affect verbal, non-verbal, logical and written communication in the social relationships of children who suffer from it. The qualitative methodology was applied in combination with the desk review technique, obtaining clear and pertinent criteria, an analysis of concepts was proposed on each of their meanings, characteristics and typology, suggestions of learning techniques are presented regarding the way correct to reduce disorders, the opinion of different authors who have carried out studies on the subject was obtained, interpreting from the pedagogical perspective and the importance of knowing the subject to act against these learning problems.

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