Estrus Detection | ScienceGate

Abstract Determining when a ewe is in estrus is important when using estrous synchronization and artificial insemination in sheep. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of estrus detection patches (Estrotect™) and rams wearing marking harnesses for monitoring estrus in synchronized hair sheep ewes. St. Croix White (STX) ewes (3.5 ± 0.3 y of age, 89.7 ± 2.2 d post-partum) were synchronized using progesterone releasing inserts (Eazi-Breed™ CIDR) for 12 d. On the day of CIDR removal (d 1) ewes were administered prostaglandin (Lutalyse®; 15 mg i.m.) and placed with fertile STX rams in 0.55 ha pastures. One group of ewes (n =10; MH) was placed with a ram wearing a marking harness and a second group (n = 16; EP) had estrus detection patches placed on their rumps before being placed with a ram without a harness. Estrus detection was conducted using visual observations twice a day through d 7. A ewe was considered to be in estrus when crayon marks were observed on the rump or the patch was activated, based on product guidelines. Cumulative percentage of ewes in estrus was analyzed using the CATMOD procedure with treatment, day and the interaction in the model. All patches stayed in place on the EP ewes through d 7. By d 4 90% of MH ewes and 75% of EP ewes had been observed in estrus (P < 0.05). By d 7 90% of MH ewes and 81.25% of EP ewes had been observed in estrus (P < 0.05). With costs of $1.33 per patch or $29.33 for one harness and crayon the patches may be more economical when dealing with up to 21 ewes per ram. Estrus detection patches can be used on hair sheep ewes to detect estrus just as effectively as a ram with a marking harness.

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Inverted F Type Antenna Design for the Cattle Activity and Estrus Detection Sensor Module

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Youchung Chung

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency ◽

Return Loss ◽

Antenna Design ◽

Sensor Module ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Communication Module ◽

Frequency Module ◽

Rf Transmission ◽

Main Station

In this paper, an inverted F type antenna (IFA) for ZigBee communication of a sensor board has been designed and optimized, and it replaces the chip antenna on an RF (Radio Frequency) module that is not performing well enough for the ZigBee communication. The sensor board detects cattle behavior and identifies the breeding (estrus) period and transmits the data to the main station by the RF (Radio Frequency) module and IFA antenna. The proposed and optimized TRx (transmitting/receiving) IFA antenna of the ZigBee communication module has a return loss of −19 dB and a gain of 1.6 dB at 2.45 GHz. The size is about 2.5 × 0.5 cm in width and vertical length, and the height is 0.55 cm. The strength of signals with the chip antenna and the IFA antenna have been measured and compared. There is about a 20 dB enhancement with the IFA antenna compared to the chip antenna. The antenna is designed and applied to the RF transmission and reception (TRx) module. This antenna and sensor module can be applied to livestock in general as well as cattle.

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142 Evaluation of estrus detection patches as a tool to classify postpartum beef cows as estrous cycling or anestrous prior to the start of the breeding season

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 116-117

Author(s):

Emily G Smith ◽

Rachael C Bonacker ◽

Carson M Andersen ◽

Jordan M Thomas

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Serum Progesterone ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Estrous Cyclicity ◽

Type Ii Errors ◽

Estrous Cycling

Abstract Estrus detection patches were evaluated as a tool to classify postpartum cows as estrous cycling or anestrous at the start of the breeding season. EstrotectTM Breeding Indicators were applied to 257 postpartum beef cows in three locations 25 days prior to the start of estrus synchronization. Coincident with the start of estrus synchronization, patches were scored using a 1 to 4 scale (1 = 0–25%; 2 = 25–50%; 3 = 50–75%; 4 = 75–100%) with scores of 3 or 4 considered activated. Blood samples were collected from each cow 10 days prior to, and at the start of the estrus synchronization. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined via radioimmunoassay; cows were considered estrous cycling if one or both samples exceeded a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml. Based on progesterone, 54.9% of cows were estrous cycling at the start of estrus synchronization. When missing patches were considered inconclusive results, use of patches to infer estrous cyclicity resulted in 85.0% sensitivity and 79.2% specificity with a positive predictive value of 87.2%. However, 75.1% of all cows presented with missing patches at the start of synchronization. If missing patches were considered activated, sensitivity was 95.7%, but specificity (16.4%) and PPV (58.2%) were poor, as 47.6% of cows presenting with missing patches were anestrous based on progesterone. Across all cows, pregnancy rate to AI was 58.0% (149/257). Cows with activated patches that were classified as false positives based on serum progesterone concentrations achieved a 71.4% (5/7) pregnancy rate to AI, raising questions as to whether sensitivity was underestimated due to inherent Type II errors in classification of cyclicity via progesterone. In summary, estrus detection aids are a sensitive tool to identify estrous cycling postpartum cows prior to the start of the breeding season; however, poor specificity and patch retention are limitations for this application.

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Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n4p1501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diego Oliveira de Souza ◽

Monna Lopes de Araújo ◽

Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde ◽

Claudinéia da Silva Mendes ◽

Mariana Alves de Andrade Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Follicular Growth ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Detection Coverage ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

The Cost ◽

Synchronization Protocol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.

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