Sex differences in the vocal repertoire of adult red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus): a multi-level acoustic analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Bouchet ◽  
Anne-Sophie Pellier ◽  
Catherine Blois-Heulin ◽  
Alban Lemasson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
Cercocebus Torquatus ◽  
Multi Level

Acoustic Patterns of Infant Vocalizations Expressing Emotions and Communicative Functions

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Papaeliou ◽  
G. Minadakis ◽  
D. Cavouras
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
System A ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Acoustic Pattern

The present study aimed at identifying the acoustic pattern of vocalizations, produced by 7- to 11-month-old infants, that were interpreted by their mothers as expressing emotions or communicative functions. Participants were 6 healthy, first-born English infants, 3 boys and 3 girls, and their mothers. The acoustic analysis of the vocalizations was performed using a pattern recognition (PR) software system. A PR system not only calculates signal features, it also automatically detects patterns in the arrangement of such features. The following results were obtained: (a) the PR system distinguished vocalizations interpreted as emotions from vocalizations interpreted as communicative functions with an overall accuracy of 87.34%; (b) the classification accuracy of the PR system for vocalizations that convey emotions was 85.4% and for vocalizations that convey communicative functions was 89.5%; and (c) compared to vocalizations that express emotions, vocalizations that express communicative functions were shorter, displayed lower fundamental frequency values, and had greater overall intensity. These findings suggest that in the second half of the first year, infants possess a vocal repertoire that contributes to regulating cooperative interaction with their mothers, which is considered one of the major prerequisites for language acquisition.

Vocal repertoire of South American fur seals, Arctocephalus australis: structure, function, and context

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana V Phillips ◽  
Ian Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Respiratory Sounds ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
Base Line ◽  
South American ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Female Attraction ◽  
Sufficient Variation

We describe the vocal repertoire of male and female South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) breeding at Punta San Juan, Peru, the first such description for any member of the genus. We distinguished 11 call types, which we grouped into four functional classes: investigative, threat, submissive, and affiliative calls. Barking is used during non-agonistic investigation of other individuals. Threat calls of South American fur seals show gradation of structure, form, and apparent meaning, and are grouped into two series: nontonal or respiratory sounds, and pulsed or guttural sounds that sometimes include a terminal tonal component. This might be adaptive in enabling display behavior to be flexible in agonistic situations, allowing participants to interpret situations on the basis of contextual cues and their own physical ability and experience. In contrast, vocal displays such as submissive, full-threat, and affiliative calls tend to have a discrete acoustic structure. Of these, full-threat, female-attraction, and pup-attraction calls share acoustic characteristics: all are long, loud calls composed of both pulsed and tonal components, and show sufficient variation to allow individual recognition. We attempt to establish a base line for standardizing nomenclature and acoustic analysis, to facilitate further comparative research on the vocal repertoire of Arctocephalus species.

scholarly journals Do descriptive norms related to parents and friends predict fruit and vegetable intake similarly among 11-year-old girls and boys?

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elviira Lehto ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Ari Haukkala ◽  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Inga Thorsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Pro Greens ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe examined whether there are sex differences in children’s fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and in descriptive norms (i.e. perceived FV intake) related to parents and friends. We also studied whether friends’ impact is as important as that of parents on children’s FV intake. Data from the PRO GREENS project in Finland were obtained from 424 children at the age 11 years at baseline. At baseline, 2009 children filled in a questionnaire about descriptive norms conceptualised as perceived FV intake of their parents and friends. They also filled in a validated FFQ that assessed their FV intake both at baseline and in the follow-up in 2010. The associations were examined with multi-level regression analyses with multi-group comparisons. Girls reported higher perceived FV intake of friends and higher own fruit intake at baseline, compared with boys, and higher vegetable intake both at baseline and in the follow-up. Perceived FV intake of parents and friends was positively associated with both girls’ and boys’ FV intake in both study years. The impact of perceived fruit intake of the mother was stronger among boys. The change in children’s FV intake was affected only by perceived FV intake of father and friends. No large sex differences in descriptive norms were found, but the impact of friends on children’s FV intake can generally be considered as important as that of parents. Future interventions could benefit from taking into account friends’ impact as role models on children’s FV intake.

scholarly journals Acoustic variability and individual distinctiveness in the vocal repertoire of red-capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus).

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Bouchet ◽  
Catherine Blois-Heulin ◽  
Anne-Sophie Pellier ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler ◽  
Alban Lemasson
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
Cercocebus Torquatus ◽  
Acoustic Variability ◽  
Individual Distinctiveness

The vocal repertoire of an African colobine, Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii: a multi-level society compared to congeners in stable groups

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 597-628
Author(s):  
Samuel Poirier-Poulin ◽  
Julie A. Teichroeb
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vocalization Type ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Colobus Angolensis

Abstract Vocal behaviour offers a window into understanding the social life and evolution of animals. Colobine monkeys show great interspecific and interpopulation variation in their social organization and behaviour. Recent research has shown that Rwenzori Angolan colobus (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii) differ substantially from other black-and-white colobus in forming a multi-level society. No previous research has been conducted on the communication of C. a. ruwenzorii, but the social complexity hypothesis for communication suggests that more complex societies should evolve more complex communication repertoires. Our objective was to catalogue the vocal repertoire of C. a. ruwenzorii at Nabugabo, Uganda, and to compare it with the data available on congeners regarding intergroup tolerance, vocal repertoire size, and acoustic and behavioural features of vocal communication. Vocalizations were subject to spectrographic and behavioural analysis, and a descriptive analysis of each vocalization type was made. The influence of a few environmental and social factors on calling rates was also examined. We describe five vocalizations (i.e., the snort, roar, squeak, scream and pok) and one non-vocal signal (i.e., the tongue click) in this subspecies and their contexts. Distinct alarm calls are made for dogs, and these are given more often near the edge of the forest where humans frequent. We did not find that C. a. ruwenzorii showed a greater vocal repertoire than C. guereza or C. polykomos, which do not live in multi-level societies. Further, preliminary data do not indicate greater calling rates in larger core units of C. a. ruwenzorii compared to smaller units. These findings support the view that these primates’ vocalizations tend to be relatively conserved despite large differences in social organization.

scholarly journals Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1937) ◽  
pp. 20201201
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atari ◽  
Mark H. C. Lai ◽  
Morteza Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Moral Judgements ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Gender

Most of the empirical research on sex differences and cultural variations in morality has relied on within-culture analyses or small-scale cross-cultural data. To further broaden the scientific understanding of sex differences in morality, the current research relies on two international samples to provide the first large-scale examination of sex differences in moral judgements nested within cultures. Using a sample from 67 countries (Study 1; n = 336 691), we found culturally variable sex differences in moral judgements, as conceptualized by Moral Foundations Theory. Women consistently scored higher than men on Care, Fairness, and Purity. By contrast, sex differences in Loyalty and Authority were negligible and highly variable across cultures. Country-level sex differences in moral judgements were also examined in relation to cultural, socioeconomic, and gender-equality indicators revealing that sex differences in moral judgements are larger in individualist, Western, and gender-equal societies. In Study 2 (19 countries; n = 11 969), these results were largely replicated using Bayesian multi-level modelling in a distinct sample. The findings were robust when incorporating cultural non-independence of countries into the models. Specifically, women consistently showed higher concerns for Care, Fairness, and Purity in their moral judgements than did men. Sex differences in moral judgements were larger in individualist and gender-equal societies with more flexible social norms. We discuss the implications of these findings for the ongoing debate about the origin of sex differences and cultural variations in moral judgements as well as theoretical and pragmatic implications for moral and evolutionary psychology.

scholarly journals A quantitative acoustic analysis of the vocal repertoire of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 2906-2928 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Agamaite ◽  
Chia-Jung Chang ◽  
Michael S. Osmanski ◽  
Xiaoqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
The Common
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