scholarly journals Proteomic, transcriptomic and functional characterization of human astrocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles upon inflammatory activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang You ◽  
Kathleen Borgmann ◽  
VenkataViswa Edara ◽  
Satomi Stacy ◽  
Anuja Ghorpade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Astrocyte ◽  
Inflammatory Activation

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles from Plants: Current Knowledge and Open Questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5366
Author(s):  
Ornella Urzì ◽  
Stefania Raimondo ◽  
Riccardo Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Potential Use

The scientific interest in the beneficial properties of natural substances has been recognized for decades, as well as the growing attention in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by different organisms, in particular from animal cells. However, there is increasing interest in the isolation and biological and functional characterization of these lipoproteic structures in the plant kingdom. Similar to animal vesicles, these plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) exhibit a complex content of small RNAs, proteins, lipids, and other metabolites. This sophisticated composition enables PDEVs to be therapeutically attractive. In this review, we report and discuss current knowledge on PDEVs in terms of isolation, characterization of their content, biological properties, and potential use as drug delivery systems. In conclusion, we outline controversial issues on which the scientific community shall focus the attention shortly.

Molecular and functional characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles from diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and healthy subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Mazzeo ◽  
Elena Beltramo ◽  
Tatiana Lopatina ◽  
Chiara Gai ◽  
Marina Trento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Diabetic Patients

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Characterization of Fibronectin in Extracellular Vesicles From Hepatocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlei Li ◽  
Ruju Chen ◽  
Sherri Kemper ◽  
David R. Brigstock
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Mouse Hepatocytes ◽  
Acidic Lipase

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-limited nanoparticles that are liberated by cells and contain a complex molecular payload comprising proteins, microRNA, RNAs, and lipids. EVs may be taken up by other cells resulting in their phenotypic or functional reprogramming. In the liver, EVs produced by non-injured hepatocytes are involved in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis or therapeutic outcomes following injury while EVs produced by damaged hepatocytes may drive or exacerbate liver injury. In this study, we examined the contribution of EV fibronectin (FN1) to the biogenesis, release, uptake, and action of hepatocyte-derived EVs. While FN1 is classically viewed as a component of the extracellular matrix that regulates processes such as cell adhesion, differentiation, and wound healing and can exist in cell-associated or soluble plasma forms, we report that FN1 is also a constituent of hepatocyte EVs that functions in EV uptake by target cells such as hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC). FN1 co-purified with EVs when EVs were enriched from conditioned medium of human or mouse hepatocytes and a direct association between FN1 and hepatocyte EVs was established by immunoprecipitation and proteinase protection. FN1 ablation in mouse hepatocytes using CRISPR-Cas9 did not alter EV biogenesis but EV uptake by HSC was significantly reduced for FN1 knockout EVs (EVΔFN1) as compared to EVs from wild type hepatocytes (EVWT). The uptake by hepatocytes or HSC of either EVWT or EVΔFN1 required clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, cholesterol, lysosomal acidic lipase activity, and low pH, while macropinocytosis was also involved in EVΔFN1 uptake in HSC. Despite their differences in rate and mechanisms of uptake, EVΔFN1 functioned comparably to EVWT in ameliorating CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. In conclusion, FN1 is a constituent of hepatocyte EVs that facilitates EV uptake by target cells but is dispensable for EV-mediated anti-fibrotic activity in vivo.

scholarly journals A First Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Placental Extracellular Vesicles from Women with Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2875
Author(s):  
Serena Martire ◽  
Francesca Montarolo ◽  
Michela Spadaro ◽  
Simona Perga ◽  
Maria Ludovica Sforza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Activated Monocytes

Pregnancy is a unique situation of physiological immunomodulation, as well as a strong Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease modulator whose mechanisms are still unclear. Both maternal (decidua) and fetal (trophoblast) placental cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are known to mediate cellular communication and modulate the maternal immune response. Their contribution to the MS disease course during pregnancy, however, is unexplored. Here, we provide a first phenotypic and functional characterization of EVs isolated from cultures of term placenta samples of women with MS, differentiating between decidua and trophoblast. In particular, we analyzed the expression profile of 37 surface proteins and tested the functional role of placental EVs on mono-cultures of CD14+ monocytes and co-cultures of CD4+ T and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Results indicated that placental EVs are enriched for surface markers typical of stem/progenitor cells, and that conditioning with EVs from samples of women with MS is associated to a moderate decrease in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by activated monocytes and in the proliferation rate of activated T cells co-cultured with Tregs. Overall, our findings suggest an immunomodulatory potential of placental EVs from women with MS and set the stage for a promising research field aiming at elucidating their role in MS remission.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

Identification and Functional Characterization of CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*15 in the Uighur population

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S34-S34
Author(s):  
SiFan XU ◽  
XuCong Man ◽  
ShuChun Li
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization

Identification and functional characterization of a homozygous, inactivating CaSR mutation in a patient with rickets

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Szczawinska ◽  
B Mayr ◽  
S Letz ◽  
R Rus ◽  
D Schnabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization
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