scholarly journals Association of depression and diabetes mellitus with processing speed, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Vieira Costa ◽  
Jonas Jardim de Paula ◽  
Rafaela Ávila ◽  
Lívia Rabelo Pires ◽  
Marco Túlio Cintra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Processing Speed

Effectiveness of Combined Cognitive and Physical Interventions to Enhance Functioning in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. e633-e642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Yang ◽  
Ami Moore ◽  
Elias Mpofu ◽  
Diana Dorstyn ◽  
Qiwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background and Objectives Cognitive training delivered in conjunction with physical activity, may help to optimize aging and delay or prevent dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, their efficacy is less well studied compared to pharmaceutical treatments. This systematic review synthesizes the emerging evidence on combined cognitive-physical interventions for enhancing functioning in older adults with MCI, with implications for practice and research. Research Design and Methods We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Ageline, Medline, Web of Science and ProQuest databases, and hand-searched articles published between July 2013 and November 2018. Only randomized controlled trials which incorporated cognitive and physical components targeted to individuals with MCI over the age of 50 were eligible. Our search yielded 10 eligible, independent articles. Results Intervention participants with MCI self-reported, or demonstrated, improved functioning across a range of cognitive (global cognitive function, executive function, processing speed, memory, attention, mood, emotion, motivation, brain cortex, orientation), and physical (gait, balance, mobility) outcomes. Interventions which combined cognitive-physical training were comparable to those which isolated these same elements, in terms of their effects on executive function, processing speed, attention, mood, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Discussion and Implications There is preliminary evidence to support the positive effects of multicomponent interventions to improve cognitive-motor abilities in older adults at risk of developing dementia. The strength of this research evidence is, however, limited. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these effects are maintained over time. The optimal intervention intensity and length also need to be established.

scholarly journals Level of Recall, Retrieval Speed, and Variability on the Cued-Recall Retrieval Speed Task (CRRST) in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Ramratan ◽  
Laura A. Rabin ◽  
Cuiling Wang ◽  
Molly E. Zimmerman ◽  
Mindy J. Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Variance Ratio ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Speed Task

AbstractIndividuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) show deficits on traditional episodic memory tasks and reductions in speed of performance on reaction time tasks. We present results on a novel task, the Cued-Recall Retrieval Speed Task (CRRST), designed to simultaneously measure level and speed of retrieval. A total of 390 older adults (mean age, 80.2 years), learned 16 words based on corresponding categorical cues. In the retrieval phase, we measured accuracy (% correct) and retrieval speed/reaction time (RT; time from cue presentation to voice onset of a correct response) across 6 trials. Compared to healthy elderly adults (HEA, n = 303), those with aMCI (n = 87) exhibited poorer performance in retrieval speed (difference = −0.13; p < .0001) and accuracy on the first trial (difference = −0.19; p < .0001), and their rate of improvement in retrieval speed was slower over subsequent trials. Those with aMCI also had greater within-person variability in processing speed (variance ratio = 1.22; p = .0098) and greater between-person variability in accuracy (variance ratio = 2.08; p = .0001) relative to HEA. Results are discussed in relation to the possibility that computer-based measures of cued-learning and processing speed variability may facilitate early detection of dementia in at-risk older adults. (JINS, 2012, 18, 260–268)

scholarly journals Associations Between Self- and Informant-Reported Abilities of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Wenjia Liang ◽  
Joseph H R Maes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Cognitive Processing Speed

Abstract Objective Older adults (OAs) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) show disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which have been linked to compromised cognitive functioning. However, it is unclear which cognitive functions are primarily involved. The present study sought to identify the cognitive function(s) most strongly associated with the IADL limitations in MCI. Method OAs with MCI (N = 120) completed cognitive tasks measuring general cognitive processing speed, working memory (WM) maintenance and updating, inhibition, and shifting ability. IADL abilities were assessed through both self- and informant reports. Results Self-reported IADL abilities were positively associated with both cognitive processing speed and WM updating capacity. Informant-reported IADL abilities were also positively associated with processing speed and WM updating, in addition to cognitive shifting ability. Conclusion Both general processing speed and WM updating capacity were consistently predictive of IADL abilities. These results might inform the design of training programs aimed at maintaining or improving functional independence in individuals with MCI to focus more on these cognitive functions. However, the strength of the association between specific cognitive functions and IADL abilities in OAs with MCI depends on the source of the information about the IADL abilities, which highlights the need for gathering data from both the examinee and informants.

scholarly journals Partial Least Squares Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers, Modifiable Health Variables, and Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jessica Stark ◽  
Daniela J. Palombo ◽  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Kelly J. Hiersche ◽  
Alexander N. Hasselbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Partial Least Squares Analysis

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify novel associations between modifiable physical and health variables, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, and cognitive function in a cohort of older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: Metrics of cardiometabolic risk, stress, inflammation, neurotrophic/growth factors, AD, and cognition were assessed in 154 MCI participants (Mean age = 74.1 years) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Partial Least Squares analysis was employed to examine associations among these physiological variables and cognition. Results: Latent variable 1 revealed a unique combination of AD biomarkers, neurotrophic/growth factors, education, and stress that were significantly associated with specific domains of cognitive function, including episodic memory, executive function, processing speed, and language, representing 45.2% of the cross-block covariance in the data. Age, body mass index, and metrics tapping basic attention or premorbid IQ were not significant. Conclusions: Our data-driven analysis highlights the significant relationships between metrics associated with AD pathology, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity, primarily with tasks tapping episodic memory, executive function, processing speed, and verbal fluency rather than more basic tasks that do not require mental manipulation (basic attention and vocabulary). These data also indicate that biological metrics are more strongly associated with episodic memory, executive function, and processing speed than chronological age in older adults with MCI.

Phasic alerting increases visual processing speed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Haupt ◽  
Steffen Jödecke ◽  
Annie Srowig ◽  
Natan Napiórkowski ◽  
Christoph Preul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Visual Processing Speed ◽  
Phasic Alerting

External warning cues temporarily increase the brain's sensitivity for upcoming events. Such increased levels of phasic alertness help individuals to flexibly adapt their reactions to the fast-changing requirements of highly complex visual environments. Previous studies reported that both healthy younger and older adults profit from phasic alerting cues. Arguably, such an intact phasic alerting mechanism could be even more relevant in pathologically aging individuals who are characterized by pronounced reductions of general processing capacity. The present study employed a theory of visual attention based whole report paradigm with auditory cues in order to investigate phasic alerting effects in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) on a purely perceptual level. In addition, aMCI patients were compared to a previously reported sample of healthy older adults. The analysis in aMCI patients indicated that their visual processing speed was significantly higher in the cue compared to the no-cue condition. Across groups, auditory alerting cues significantly increased visual processing speed. Further, visual processing speed was reduced in aMCI patients compared to healthy older adults, replicating prior findings. Taken together, the results suggest that the processing system of aMCI patients exhibits general declines but can still flexibly integrate auditory warning signals. Phasic alerting cues facilitate a temporary increase in processing speed, enabling an efficient handling of upcoming sensory information.

Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility Mediates Visuoconstructional Abilities in Older Adults with Heterogeneous Cognitive Ability

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela T. Ávila ◽  
Jonas J. de Paula ◽  
Maria A. Bicalho ◽  
Edgar N. Moraes ◽  
Rodrigo Nicolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Planning Ability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that executive functions influence the performance on visuoconstructional tasks. This study aims to investigate whether the relationship between planning ability and the copy of complex figures is mediated by distinct components of executive functions (i.e., working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility). We included a 129 older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (n=36, AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=67), and with no evidence of cognitive impairment (controls, n=26). We evaluated the mediation effect of planning abilities, working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control on visuoconstructional tasks using a multiple mediation models. We found a significant direct effect of planning on visuoconstructional abilities and a partial mediation effect of working memory and cognitive flexibility on visuoconstructional abilities. The present results indicate that the performance on visuoconstructional task is mediated by multiple interrelated executive functions components, in particular working memory and cognitive flexibility. (JINS, 2015, 21, 392–398)

Validity of a Novel Touch Screen Tablet-Based Assessment for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Probable AD in Older Adults

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1540-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo-Ping Huang ◽  
Avichandra Singh ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
Fang-Ju Sun ◽  
Chiu-Ron Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Visuospatial Perception

This study aimed to develop a psychometrically valid touch screen tablet-based cognitive test battery to identify early cognitive impairment due to dementia in older adults. The battery includes eight tests with 13 subscores, evaluating visual attention, auditory attention, information processing speed, visual memory, motor control, and visuospatial perception. Among the participants, 43 had been diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 36 with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD); 41 had no cognitive impairment. The average time to administer the tablet-based tests was 10 minutes. Significant correlations with the Mini-Mental State Examination were found in 9 out of 13 subscores. Patients with probable AD scored significantly lower than controls in 8 out of 13 subscores, whereas those with MCI scored significantly lower in 4 out of 13 subscores. Confirmatory factor analysis using Promax rotation showed that four factors caused lower subscores in the MCI group compared with the controls: information processing speed, memory, visuospatial perception, and motor control. All four factors significantly discriminated the controls from the MCI and probable AD groups, and in the expected direction. The touch screen tablet-based cognitive test battery is psychometrically valid for evaluating cognition in older adults.

scholarly journals Partial Least Squares analysis of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, modifiable health variables, and cognition in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Stark ◽  
daniela palombo ◽  
Jasmeet P Hayes ◽  
Kelly J. Hiersche ◽  
Alexander N. Hasselbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Partial Least Squares Analysis

Objective: To identify novel associations between modifiable physical and health variables, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, and cognitive function in a cohort of older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).Method: Metrics of cardiometabolic risk, stress, inflammation, neurotrophic/growth factors, AD, and cognition were assessed in 155 MCI participants (Mean age = 74.2 years) from theAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Partial Least Squares analysis was employed to examine associations among these physiological variables and cognition.Results: Latent variable 1 revealed a unique combination of AD biomarkers, neurotrophic/growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and education that were significantly associated with specific domains of cognitive function, including episodic memory, executive function, and processing speed, representing 47.9% of the covariance in thedata. Age, BMI, and metrics tapping working memory, language or premorbid IQ were not significant.Conclusions: Our data-driven analysis highlights the significant relationships between metrics associated with AD-pathology, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity with tasks requiring fluid (episodic memory and executive function) rather than crystallized (premorbid IQ and language) ability. These data also indicate that biological metrics are more strongly associated with episodic memory, executive function, and processing speed than chronological age in older adults with MCI.

Toward Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hispanic and African American Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Valarie B. Fleming ◽  
Joyce L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Education Management ◽  
African American Adults

Across the breadth of acquired neurogenic communication disorders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may go undetected, underreported, and untreated. In addition to stigma and distrust of healthcare systems, other barriers contribute to decreased identification, healthcare access, and service utilization for Hispanic and African American adults with MCI. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have significant roles in prevention, education, management, and support of older adults, the population must susceptible to MCI.

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