Population attributable fractions for modifiable risk factors of dementia in cognitively normal and MCI populations: Data from two countries

Introduction Prevalence rates of excess weight, tobacco smoking and physical inactivity vary substantially by geographical region within British Columbia (B.C.). The purpose of this study is to determine the potential reduction in economic burden in B.C. if all regions in the province achieved prevalence rates of these three risk factors equivalent to those of the region with the lowest rates. Methods We used a previously developed approach based on population-attributable fractions to estimate the economic burden associated with the various risk factors. Sexspecific relative risk and age/sex-specific prevalence data was used in the modelling. Results The annual economic burden attributable to the three risk factors in B.C. was about $5.6 billion in 2013, with a higher proportion of this total attributable to excess weight ($2.6 billion) than to tobacco smoking ($2.0 billion). While B.C. has lower prevalence rates of the risk factors than any other Canadian province, there is significant variation within the province. If each region in the province were to achieve the best prevalence rates for the three risk factors, then $1.4 billion (24% of the $5.6 billion) in economic burden could be avoided annually. Conclusion There are notable disparities in the prevalence of each risk factor across health regions within B.C., which were mirrored in each region’s attributable economic burden. A variety of social, environmental and economic factors likely drive some of this geographical variation and these underlying factors should be considered when developing prevention programs.

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Sex and Age-Specific Population Attributable Fractions of CVD Risk Factors Combination from the Pooled Analysis of 85,432 Participants in Japan.

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyv097.046 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i15-i16

Author(s):

Y. Murakami ◽

T. Okamura ◽

K. Miura ◽

H. Ueshima ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Specific Population ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions

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Attributable fractions, modifiable risk factors and risk stratification using a risk score for peri-implant pathology

Journal of Prosthodontic Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpor.2016.03.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 43-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Miguel de Araújo Nobre ◽

António Mano Azul ◽

Evangelista Rocha ◽

Paulo Maló ◽

Francisco Salvado

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Stratification ◽

Risk Score ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Attributable Fractions

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What to deploy to prevent hip OA; population attributable fractions of risk factors for incident clinical and radiographic hip OA

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. S271-S272

Author(s):

J. Runhaar ◽

M. Hall ◽

D. Schiphof ◽

F. Saberi Hosnijeh ◽

J. van Meurs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions

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Risk factors for sporadicVibrio parahaemolyticusgastroenteritis in east China: a matched case-control study

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814001599 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (5) ◽

pp. 1020-1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. X. YAN ◽

Y. DAI ◽

Y. J. ZHOU ◽

H. LIU ◽

S. G. DUAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions ◽

Matched Case ◽

Control Study

SUMMARYTo determine risk factors for sporadicVibrio parahaemolyticusgastroenteritis, we conducted a population-based case-control study in sentinel hospital surveillance areas of Shanghai and Jiangsu province, China. Seventy-one patients with diarrhoea and confirmedV. parahaemolyticusinfections were enrolled, and they were matched with 142 controls for gender, age and residential area. From the multivariable analysis,V. parahaemolyticusinfections were associated with antibiotics taken during the 4 weeks prior to illness [odds ratio (OR) 8·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·2–56·4)], frequent eating out (OR 3·3, 95% CI 1·1–10·1), and shellfish consumption (OR 3·2, 95% CI 1·0–9·9), with population-attributable fractions of 0·09, 0·25, and 0·14, respectively. Protective factors included keeping the aquatic products refrigerated (OR 0·4, 95% CI 0·1–0·9) and pork consumption (OR 0·2, 95% CI 0·1–0·8). Further study of the association ofV. parahaemolyticusgastroenteritis with prior antibiotic use and shellfish consumption is needed.

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Lifestyle Risk Factors and the Population Attributable Fractions for Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Students of Zhejiang Province

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.734013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Fang Gu ◽

Siliang Zhou ◽

Ke Lou ◽

Rui Deng ◽

Xingxiu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chinese Students ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: To assess the relationship between modifiable lifestyle factors and risk of overweight/obesity in Chinese students, and to evaluate the predicting prevalence of overweight if the lifestyle risk factors were removed.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 40,141 students in grade three and above (8–24yrs) in 2019 in Zhejiang Province, China. Physical examination was performed, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect lifestyle information, including dietary behavior, physical activity, TV watching, sleeping, smoking, drinking, and tooth-brushing habits. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationship between overweight/obesity and a series of lifestyle factors. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to calculate the predicting prevalence of overweight/obesity if lifestyle risk factors were removed.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity of participants was 25.5% (male 32.3%, female 18.1%). Overweight/obesity were associated with adverse lifestyle factors, such as watch TV ≥1 h/day (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11–1.22), insufficient sleep (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11–1.22), and irregular toothbrushing habits (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39). Based on the calculated PAFs, the predicted prevalence of overweight/obesity would decline moderately if lifestyle factors were modified, with the magnitudes of decrease vary by sex, age and residence. Generally, a larger reduction was estimated if the sleeping time was increased and TV time was reduced, with the prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased by 1.1% (95% CI: 0.7, 1.5%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6, 1.2%), respectively.Conclusions: Predicted prevalence of overweight/ obesity in Chinese students may decrease if modifiable lifestyle risk factors were removed. The attributable risk for obesity of lifestyle behaviors varied in age, sex and residence groups. The findings of this study may provide insights for planning and optimizing future obesity intervention endeavors.

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1396. Risk Factors for Brain Abscess: A Nationwide Population-based Nested Case–Control Study

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1260 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S507-S508

Author(s):

Jacob Bodilsen ◽

Michael Dalager-Pedersen ◽

Diederik van de Beek ◽

Matthijs C Brouwer ◽

Henrik Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Brain Abscess ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Attributable Fractions ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Population Controls ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Knowledge of risk factors for brain abscess is limited and relies on single-center cohorts without control groups. Methods We accessed nationwide medical registries to conduct a population-based nested case–control study of risk factors for brain abscess. We applied risk set sampling for selection of population controls (1:10) individually matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Next, population attributable fractions were calculated. Results We identified 1,384 brain abscess patients in Denmark from 1982 through 2016 and 13,839 matched population controls. The median age was 50 years (interquartile range 33–63) and 37% were female. Cases often had a Charlson comorbidity score>2 (16%) compared with controls (3%). Adjusted ORs were: head trauma 2.15 (1.72–2.70), neurosurgery 19.3 (14.3–26.0), dental infection 4.61 (3.39–6.26) or surgery 2.57 (1.71–3.84), ear-nose-throat infection 3.81 (3.11–4.67) or surgery 2.85 (2.21–3.70), congenital heart disease 15.6 (9.57–25.4), diabetes mellitus 1.74 (1.33–2.29), alcohol abuse 2.22 (1.58–3.11), liver disease 2.37 (1.53–3.68), kidney disease 2.04 (1.30–3.20), and lung abscess or bronchiectasis 8.15 (3.59–18.5). The aORs were 4.12 (3.37–5.04) and 8.77 (5.66–13.6) for solid and hematological cancer, 12.0 (6.13–23.7) for HIV, and 5.71 (4.22–7.75) for immuno-modulating treatments. Risks were twice as high when risk factors were observed within 5 years before brain abscess. Population attributable fractions showed that neurosurgery (12%), solid cancer (11%), ear-nose-throat infections (7%) and immuno-modulating treatments (5%) were substantial contributors to occurrence of brain abscess. Conclusion Important risk factors included neurosurgery, cancer, ear-nose-throat infections and immuno-modulating treatments Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Overall and Sex-Specific Risk Factors for Subjective Cognitive Decline: Findings From the 2015–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1111688/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karen Schliep ◽

Lily Gu ◽

Kristine Lynch ◽

Michelle Sorweid ◽

Michael Varner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Behavioral Risk Factor ◽

Population Attributable Fractions ◽

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Risk Factor Surveillance ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Attributable Fractions

Abstract Background Prior research indicates that at least 35% of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia risk may be amenable to prevention. Subjective cognitive decline is often the first indication of preclinical dementia, with the risk of subsequent Alzheimer’s disease in such individuals being greater in women than men. We wished to understand how modifiable factors are associated with subjective cognitive decline, and whether differences exist by sex. Methods Data were collected from men and women (45 years and older) who completed the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Cognitive Decline Module (2015–2018), n=216,838. We calculated population attributable fractions for subjective cognitive decline, stratified by sex, of the following factors: limited education, deafness, social isolation, depression, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Our models were adjusted for age, race, income, employment, marital and Veteran status, and accounted for communality among risk factors. Results The final study sample included more women (53.7%) than men, but both had a similar prevalence of subjective cognitive decline (10.6% of women versus 11.2% of men). Women and men had nearly equivalent overall population attributable fractions to explain subjective cognitive decline (39.7% for women versus 41.3% for men). The top three contributing risk factors were social isolation, depression, and hypertension, which explained three-quarters of the overall population attributable fraction. Conclusions While we did not identify any differences in modifiable factors between men and women contributing to subjective cognitive decline, other factors including reproductive or endocrinological health history or biological factors that interact with sex to modify risk warrant further research.

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