Moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time as predictors of cognitive function in older adults with hypertension: NHANES 2011‐2014

Objective:Examine the independent association of sedentary behavior and cognitive function in older adults, as well as whether physical activity attenuates this potential association.Methods:Data from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used (N = 2472 adults 60 to 85 yrs). Sedentary behavior was subjectively assessed and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) was employed to assess cognitive function.Results:Among an unadjusted and an adjusted model not accounting for physical activity, only 5+ hrs/day (vs. < 1 hr) of sedentary time was independently associated with lower DSST scores (β = –3.1; 95% CI: –5.8 to –0.4; P= .02). However, a fully adjusted model (adding in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a covariate) did not yield a statistically significant association between 5+ hrs/day of sedentary time and DSST scores (β = –2.5; 95% CI: –5.1 to 0.2; P = .07).Conclusion:Accumulated daily sedentary behavior of 5+ hrs is associated with lower cognitive function in an older adult population when physical activity is not taken into account. However, physical activity may account for 19% of the total association between sedentary behavior and cognitive function, thus attenuating the sedentary-cognitive function association. Efforts should be made to promote physical activity in the aging population.

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Changes in Objectively Measured Lifestyle Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-847301/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takuya Ataka ◽

Noriyuki Kimura ◽

Atsuko Eguchi ◽

Etsuro Matsubara

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Wearable Sensors ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Level ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: In this manuscript, we aimed at investigating whether objectively measured lifestyle factors, including walking steps, sedentary time, amount of unforced physical activity, level of slight and energetic physical activity, conversation time, and sleep parameters altered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults.Methods: Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study conducted from 2015 to 2019 and a subsequent dementia prevention study undertaken in September 2020. Community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years wore wearable sensors before and during the pandemic.Results: A total of 56 adults were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 74.2±3.9 years, and 58.9% (n=33) of the participants were female. The moderate and vigorous physical activity time significantly decreased and sedentary time significantly increased during the pandemic. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate differences in objectively assessed lifestyle factors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults. The findings show that the pandemic has adversely affected physical activity among older adults living on their own in Japan.

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Physical Activity Intensity Cut-Points for Wrist-Worn GENEActiv in Older Adults

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living ◽

10.3389/fspor.2020.579278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

François Fraysse ◽

Dannielle Post ◽

Roger Eston ◽

Daiki Kasai ◽

Alex V. Rowlands ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Classification Accuracy ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

Characteristic Analysis ◽

Free Living ◽

Activity Intensity

Purpose: This study aims to (1) establish GENEActiv intensity cutpoints in older adults and (2) compare the classification accuracy between dominant (D) or non-dominant (ND) wrist, using both laboratory and free-living data.Methods: Thirty-one older adults participated in the study. They wore a GENEActiv Original on each wrist and performed nine activities of daily living. A portable gas analyzer was used to measure energy expenditure for each task. Testing was performed on two occasions separated by at least 8 days. Some of the same participants (n = 13) also wore one device on each wrist during 3 days of free-living. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to establish the optimal cutpoints.Results: For sedentary time, both dominant and non-dominant wrist had excellent classification accuracy (sensitivity 0.99 and 0.97, respectively; specificity 0.91 and 0.86, respectively). For Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA), the non-dominant wrist device had better accuracy (ND sensitivity: 0.90, specificity 0.79; D sensitivity: 0.90, specificity 0.64). The corresponding cutpoints for sedentary-to-light were 255 and 375 g · min (epoch independent: 42.5 and 62.5 mg), and those for the light-to-moderate were 588 and 555 g · min (epoch-independent: 98.0 and 92.5 mg) for the non-dominant and dominant wrist, respectively. For free-living data, the dominant wrist device resulted in significantly more sedentary time and significantly less light and MVPA time compared to the non-dominant wrist.

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Dose–Response Association Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in a National Sample of Older Adults

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117116689732 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 554-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paul D. Loprinzi ◽

Meghan K. Edwards ◽

Elizabeth Crush ◽

Toshikazu Ikuta ◽

Alberto Del Arco

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Dose Response ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

National Sample ◽

Self Report ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽

Metabolic Equivalent Of Task

Purpose: Previous research demonstrates a favorable effect of physical activity on cognitive function among older adults. The potential dose–response relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in this population is less understood, which was the purpose of this study. Setting: Data from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were employed. Participants: A total of 2157 older adults aged 60 to 85 years. Measures: Cognitive function was assessed from the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), expressed as metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min-month (MET-min-month = days × duration × MET level), was assessed via self-report, with 5 MVPA categories evaluated: (1) <2000 MVPA MET-min-month, (2) 2000 to 3999 MVPA MET-min-month, (3) 4000 to 5999 MVPA MET-min-month, (4) 6000 to 7999 MVPA MET-min-month, and (5) 8000+ MVPA MET-min-month. Analysis: Weighted multivariable linear regression. Results: An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed. Consistent across several adjusted models, those who engaged in 6000 to 7999 MVPA MET-min-month had the highest cognitive function score. Conclusion: The results suggest an optimal amount of physical activity to prevent the cognitive decline associated with aging.

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Abstract P376: Associations Between Moderate To Vigorous Physical Activity And Sedentary Time On Cognitive Function In Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicole M Hoffmann ◽

Megan E Petrov

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Reference Group ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cognitive Testing ◽

Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with increased risk for cognitive decline. Lifestyle behaviors such as moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reduced sedentary time (ST) may mitigate this decline, but limited research exists. The aim of the study was to examine the joint association of MVPA and ST on cognitive function by CVD status. Adults (n=2844, ≥60yrs) from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent cognitive testing (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]; Animal Fluency [AF]). Participants reported minutes of MVPA per week (categorized by U.S. PA Guidelines: ≥ 150min MPA and/or ≥ 75min VPA PA vs <150min MPA and <75min VPA), and typical ST per day (≤7hrs vs >7hrs ) , and reported physician-diagnosed CVD (i.e., myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary heart disease, or heart failure). Weighted linear regression analyses assessed the joint association of MVPA and ST on cognitive function, and tested the modifying effect of CVD status (alpha level for interaction terms set at 0.1) after adjustment for demographics, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, and depression symptomatology. See Table. There were significant main effects for combined MVPA-ST groups on DSST (Wald F (3,30)=4.92, p =.007) and AF (Wald F (3,30)=5.01, p =.006). Individuals who did not engage in MVPA regardless of ST had significantly worse scores on DSST compared to the reference group. There was a significant main effect for CVD on DSST (Wald F (1,32)=8.82, p =.006). There was a significant interaction between MVPA-ST groups and CVD status on DSST (Wald F (3,30)=3.691, p =.023). Stratified analyses indicated among individuals with CVD, the buffering effect of MVPA was maintained, but the interaction was not significant for those without CVD. In a sample of adults with a history of CVD, meeting recommendations for MVPA appeared to preserve executive functioning regardless of ST. This research highlights the added importance for people with a history of CVD to participate in the recommended amount of MVPA.

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The Relationship Between Cognitive Decline and Sedentary Time

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 191-191

Author(s):

Lorraine Phillips ◽

Mary Bowen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

Lower Extremity Function ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Extremity Function

Abstract Early identification of functional decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) provides the opportunity to initiate behavioral interventions to slow decline. More frequent breaks in sedentary time has been associated with greater lower extremity function. This longitudinal study examined the effect of 6-month change in cognitive function on monthly sedentary time, controlling for lower extremity function, among community-dwelling older adults with MCI. Twenty adults with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score (MoCA) between 19-25, who were age ≥ 60 years old, and ambulatory, wore an actigraph for 6 months and participated in monthly in-person assessments. Measures included MoCA change (baseline to month 6), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; baseline, months 3 and 6); sedentary time and physical activity intensity; and falls (monthly). The sample was 70% female, 60% non-Hispanic white, with a mean age of 77 years. Sixteen participants provided complete data for mixed-model analysis. Over 6 months, 11 falls occurred among 7 participants. The mean MoCA score declined from 22.7 to 21.9 while SPPB remained stable. Overall time spent in sedentary behavior was high (71%) and physical activity intensity was low (light and moderate combined= 26.1%). Results of multi-level analysis with sedentary time as a continuous Level-1 variable and MoCA change scores, SPPB scores, and age in Level-2 showed that negative change in MoCA (β=-0.11; p≤0.05) was associated with increased sedentary time. Given sedentary time increases as cognitive function declines, older adults with MCI could benefit from interventions designed to interrupt sedentary time as well as increase physical activity.

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Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez ◽

Asier Mañas ◽

José Losa-Reyna ◽

Luis M. Alegre ◽

Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

The Relationship

The objectives were to clarify whether the relationship between physical performance and frailty was independently and jointly mediated by movement behaviors and body composition. We analyzed 871 older adults (476 women) from The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index (FI) were determined using bone densitometry. Sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometry. The Frailty Trait Scale and The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate frailty and physical performance, respectively. Simple and multiple mediation analyses were carried out to determine the role of movement behaviors and body composition, adjusted for potential confounders. ST and MVPA acted independently as mediators in the relationship between SPPB and frailty (0.06% for ST and 16.89% for MVPA). FI also acted as an independent mediator in the same relationship (36.47%), while the mediation role of SMI was not significant. MVPA and FI both acted jointly as mediators in this previous relationship explaining 58.15% of the model. Our data support the fact that interventions should simultaneously encourage the promotion of MVPA and strategies to decrease the FI in order to prevent or treat frailty through physical performance improvement.

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Sedentary Patterns and Systemic Inflammation: Sex-Specific Links in Older Adults

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.625950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Oscar Bergens ◽

Andreas Nilsson ◽

Konstantinos-Georgios Papaioannou ◽

Fawzi Kadi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Older Men ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Low Grade ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The study aimed to examine sex-specific associations between objectively measured sedentary patterns and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in older adults when considering the moderating impact of physical activity (PA). Accelerometer-based monitoring of sedentary patterns and PA was conducted in a population of older men (n = 83; age: 67.4 ± 1.5; height: 178.7 ± 6.6 cm; weight: 80.9 ± 10.6 kg) and women (n = 146; age: 67.4 ± 1.6; height: 164.2 ± 6.1 cm; weight: 64.6 ± 10.1 kg) aged 65–70. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Total and bouts of ≥10 min of sedentary time were inversely associated with the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 in older men (accumulated sedentary time: β = −0.116; bouts: β = −0.099; all p < 0.05). Associations were independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total PA volume. In women, total and bouts of ≥10 min of sedentary time were detrimentally associated with the pro-inflammatory marker fibrinogen (accumulated sedentary time: β = −0.130; bouts: β = −0.085; all p < 0.05). Associations remained between accumulated sedentary time and fibrinogen when adjusting for MVPA and total PA volume. This study highlights sex-specific routes by which sedentary patterns impact on pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in older adults. The findings support efforts to promote accumulation of time spent in PA at the expense of time in sedentary pursuits on low-grade inflammation in older men and women.

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Risk for losing physical independence in older adults: The role of sedentary time, light, and moderate to vigorous physical activity

Maturitas ◽

10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.06.012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 91-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Elisa A. Marques ◽

Fátima Baptista ◽

Diana A. Santos ◽

Analiza M. Silva ◽

Jorge Mota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Physical Independence

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Sedentary Time in US Older Adults Associated With Disability in Activities of Daily Living Independent of Physical Activity

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2013-0311 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 93-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Dorothy D. Dunlop ◽

Jing Song ◽

Emily K. Arntson ◽

Pamela A. Semanik ◽

Jungwha Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Daily Living ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Vigorous Activity ◽

Adl Disability

Background:The harmful relationship of sedentary behavior to health may reflect an exchange of sedentary activity for moderateto- vigorous physical activity (MVPA), or sedentary behavior may be a separate risk factor. We examined whether time spent in sedentary behavior is related to disability in activities of daily living (ADL), independent of time spent in MVPA in older adults.Methods:The nationally representative 2003−2006 National Health and Nutrition Examinations Surveys (NHANES) included 2286 adults aged 60 years and older in whom physical activity was assessed by accelerometer. The association between ADL task disability and the daily percentage of sedentary time was evaluated by multiple logistic regression.Results:These adults on average spent 9h/d being sedentary during waking hours and 4.5% reported ADL disability. The odds of ADL disability were 46% greater (odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.07−1.98) for each daily hour spent in sedentary behavior, adjusted for MVPA and socioeconomic and health factors.Conclusion:These US national data show a strong relationship between greater time spent in sedentary behavior and the presence of ADL disability, independent of time spent in moderate or vigorous activity. These findings support programs encouraging older adults to decrease sedentary behavior regardless of their engagement in moderate or vigorous activity.

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