Preparation of aqueous soluble polyamides from renewable succinic acid and citric acid as a new approach to design bio-inspired polymers

Abstract Sugar and nonvolatile acid analyses were conducted on 52 samples of blackberries (Rubus spp), the objective being to develop a compositional database for evaluating authenticity and quality. Brix ranged from 6.88 to 16.83, with a mean of 10.82. Titratable acidity ranged from 0.52 to 2.24 g citric acid/100 mL, with a mean of 1.35. Sucrose levels (range, 012.9; mean, 4.6) were highly variable. The overall glucose:fructose ratio ranged from 0.81 to 1.17, with a mean of 1.01. Malic, isocitric, lactoisocitric, citric, shikimic, and fumaric acids were identified, with succinic acid being present in some samples. Malic acid ranged from 5.2 to 35.3 of total acids (87.5603 mg/100 g), with a mean of 16.4 (280 mg/100 g). Isocitric acid ranged from 4.7 to 71.6, with a mean of 34.7 (599 mg/100 g), and lactoisocitric acid ranged from 3.4 to 32.6 with a mean of 17.3 (293 mg/100 g). Citric acid ranged from 1.3 to 80.2, with a mean of 31.6 (572 mg/100 g). Shikimic, fumaric, and succinic were present in trace quantities. Two patterns of nonvolatile acid compositions were evident. Ten commercial blackberry juice samples were analyzed, and it was possible to determine whether they were Marion, Evergreen, or a mixture of the two from their acid profiles.

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Synergistic Antilisterial Effects of Mixtures of Lysozyme and Organic Acids

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-156 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 2184-2189 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

MYEONGGEUN OH ◽

JOONGJAE LEE ◽

YOONHWA JEONG ◽

MISOOK KIM

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Succinic Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

The Other ◽

Food Preservative ◽

Time Kill

ABSTRACT We investigated the synergistic effects of lysozyme combined with organic acids to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. The antilisterial effects of the combination of lysozyme and acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, or succinic acid were evaluated using the checkerboard method and time-kill assay. The MIC was 25,000 mg/liter for lysozyme, 625 mg/liter for acetic acid, and 1,250 mg/liter for the other acids. The MBC was 10,000 mg/liter for all of the tested organic acids. The combination of lysozyme and each organic acid showed synergistic effects via the checkerboard method; however, the time-kill assay showed synergistic effects for only three combinations of 1,250 mg/liter lysozyme with succinic acid (312 and 625 mg/liter) or malic acid (625 mg/liter). The results of this study indicate that the combination of lysozyme and malic acid or succinic acid can be effectively used as a food preservative to control L. monocytogenes.

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Effects of the Tomato Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and of the Biocontrol Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 on the Composition of Organic Acids and Sugars in Tomato Root Exudate

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-19-1121 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1121-1126 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Faina Kamilova ◽

Lev V. Kravchenko ◽

Alexander I. Shaposhnikov ◽

Nataliya Makarova ◽

Ben Lugtenberg

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Succinic Acid ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Root Exudate ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Tomato Root ◽

Biocontrol Strain

The effects of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and of the bacterial biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365, and of both microbes, on the amounts and composition of root exudate components of tomato plants grown in a gnotobiotic stonewool substrate system were studied. Conditions were selected under which introduction of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici caused severe foot and root rot, whereas inoculation of the seed with P. fluorescens WCS365 decreased the percentage of diseased plants from 96 to 7%. This is a much better disease control level than was observed in potting soil. Analysis of root exudate revealed that the presence of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici did not alter the total amount of organic acids, but that the amount of citric acid decreased and that of succinic acid increased compared with the nontreated control. In contrast, in the presence of the P. fluorescens biocontrol strain WCS365, the total amount of organic acid increased, mainly due to a strong increase of the amount of citric acid, whereas the amount of succinic acid decreased dramatically. Under biocontrol conditions, when both microbes are present, the content of succinic acid decreased and the level of citric acid was similar to that in the nontreated control. The amount of sugar was approximately half that of the control sample when either one of the microbes was present alone or when both were present. Analysis of the interactions between the two microbes grown together in sterile tomato root exudate showed that WCS365 inhibited multiplication of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, whereas the fungus did not affect the number of CFU of the bacterium.

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Original Article. Studies on trinexapac-ethyl dose reduction by combined application with adjuvants in spring barley

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2017-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wojciech Miziniak ◽

Kinga Matysiak ◽

Sylwia Kaczmarek

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Dose Reduction ◽

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Field Trials ◽

New Approach ◽

Combined Application ◽

Stress Protection ◽

Barley Grains

Abstract Trinexapac-ethyl is a popular plant growth regulator used in various crops, mostly due to its unique anti-lodging properties. Recently it has been found that this substance is also active in stress protection, which may increase its importance in the coming years. This paper presents a new approach to its application. Trinexapac-ethyl belongs to the cyclohexanedione class of herbicide chemistry, thus it is structurally similar to common graminicides frequently used with adjuvants. This study examines the effects of the application of trinexapac-ethyl with adjuvants. Field trials were conducted in the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznań (Poland), in 2014 and 2015. Trinexapac-ethyl was applied at recommended (0.4l・ha-1) and reduced doses (0.2l・ha-1) with organosilicone surfactant, ammonium sulphate and citric acid on spring barley. Stem shortening, yield components and grain quality were examined. The results of the study confirmed the possibility of dose reduction of trinexapac-ethyl by way of combined application with citric acid that reduced the pH of spray liquid or with ammonium sulphate without affecting its effectiveness. The greatest stem height reduction was observed after the application of a full dose of trinaxapac ethyl and its reduced dose in the mixture with citric acid or ammonium sulphate. Depending on the year of study, the effectiveness of the substances on stem reduction ranged from 5.6 to 16.5%. The tested mixtures did not have any significant impact on the number of grains per ear or the yield of spring barley. Trinexapac-ethyl and its mixtures with adjuvants did not influence the crude protein and starch in spring barley grains.

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Effects of Bentonite Clarificants on Organic Acids Contents in Red Wine during Clarification

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.802 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 194-196 ◽

pp. 802-805

Author(s):

Zhan Sheng Wu ◽

Xi Fang Sun ◽

Chun Li

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bond ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Succinic Acid ◽

Tartaric Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Red Wine ◽

Titratable Acidity

Effects of different bentonite clarificants on the main organic acids contents in wine were investigated during the clarification process. Citric acid (CA) concentration changed slightly during the first day with average elimination ratio (AER) of 0.57%, and tartaric acid (TA), malic acid (MA), lactic acid (LA) and succinic acid (SA) were varied with AER of 12.39%, 9.80%, 7.27% and 6.27%, respectively, while acetic acid (AA) has the biggest AER of 15.42%. The pH and titratable acidity were significantly dependent on the variation of CA and TA. The –OH group in organic acids could be combined with –Si-O or –AlO groups in bentonite surface by hydrogen bond, which could caused the decrease in concentration various organic acids.

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Amphiphilic Long-chain Citric Acid Ethers

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-2009-0620 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 731-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Meißner ◽

Peter Jutzi

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Metal Oxide ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Synthetic Route ◽

New Approach ◽

Unsaturated Alcohols ◽

Alkyl Groups ◽

Long Chain

The etherification of the hydroxyl group of citric acid with saturated and unsaturated long-chain alkyl groups is described. This is a new approach to polydentate acids which may serve as ligands for metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. For this purpose we developed a synthetic route to long-chain ω-unsaturated alcohols and their triflate derivatives.

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Nutrient Uptake among Subspecies of Cucurbita pepo L. Is Related to Exudation of Citric Acid

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.130.5.782 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 130 (5) ◽

pp. 782-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Martin P.N. Gent ◽

Zakia D. Parrish ◽

Jason C. White

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Succinic Acid ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Tartaric Acid ◽

Root Exudates ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Tissue Composition ◽

Summer Squash ◽

P Depletion

Exudation of organic acids by roots has been implicated in uptake of minerals from soil. Three cultivars within each of two subspecies of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo ssp. ovifera D. S. Decker var. ovifera and C. pepo ssp. pepo var. pepo) were grown in the field. Plants of ssp. pepo had higher concentrations of K, P, and Zn than those of ssp. ovifera. These same cultivars were grown under P sufficient and depleted conditions in hydroponics, to measure exudation of organic acids from roots. When grown in hydroponics, tissues of ssp. ovifera had similar or higher concentrations of nutrients than ssp. pepo. Therefore, differences in tissue composition of field-grown plants are likely due to differences in nutrient uptake ability, not inherent differences in tissue composition between subspecies. Phosphorus nutrition played a significant role in exudation of organic acids into the hydroponics solution. For both subspecies, P depletion resulted in exudation of more citric and succinic acid, and less oxalic and tartaric acid. Under P depletion, ssp. pepo exuded more citric acid than ssp. ovifera. When soil was eluted with solution containing root exudates, the exudates from ssp. pepo eluted more K, Mg, Fe, and Zn than did those from ssp. ovifera. Among subspecies of C. pepo, exudation of organic acids, particularly exudation of citric acid in response to P depletion, is associated with the plant's ability to accumulate more inorganic nutrients when grown in the field.

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