Urban versus rural residence and occurrence of septal heart defects in Texas

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Langlois ◽  
Angela Scheuerle ◽  
Scott A. Horel ◽  
Susan E. Carozza
Keyword(s):  
Heart Defects ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Urban Versus

scholarly journals Is systemic lupus erythematosus different in urban versus rural living environment? Data from the Cretan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Registry

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gergianaki ◽  
A Fanouriakis ◽  
C Adamichou ◽  
G Spyrou ◽  
N Mihalopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Patients ◽  
Urban Versus

Background Examining urban–rural differences can provide insights into susceptibility or modifying factors of complex diseases, yet limited data exist on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective To study SLE risk, manifestations and severity in relation to urban versus rural residence. Methodology Cross-sectional analysis of the Crete Lupus Registry. Demographics, residency history and clinical data were obtained from interviews and medical records ( N=399 patients). Patients with exclusively urban, rural or mixed urban/rural residence up to enrolment were compared. Results The risk of SLE in urban versus rural areas was 2.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.66–2.61). Compared with rural, urban residence was associated with earlier (by almost seven years) disease diagnosis – despite comparable diagnostic delay – and lower female predominance (6.8:1 versus 15:1). Rural patients had fewer years of education and lower employment rates. Smoking was more frequent among urban, whereas pesticide use was increased among rural patients. A pattern of malar rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers and arthritis was more prevalent in rural patients. Residence was not associated with organ damage although moderate/severe disease occurred more frequently among rural-living patients (multivariable adjusted odds ratio: 2.17, p=0.011). Conclusion Our data suggest that the living environment may influence the risk, gender bias and phenotype of SLE, not fully accounted for by sociodemographic factors.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effect of Urban Versus Rural Residence on the Relationship Between Type of Birth Attendant and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem T. Haile ◽  
Bismark Sarfo ◽  
John Francescon ◽  
Ilana R. Chertok ◽  
Asli K. Teweldeberhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

scholarly journals Changes in the associations of race and rurality with SARS-CoV-2 infection, mortality, and case fatality in the United States from February 2020 to March 2021: A population-based cohort study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003807
Author(s):  
George N. Ioannou ◽  
Jacqueline M. Ferguson ◽  
Ann M. O’Hare ◽  
Amy S. B. Bohnert ◽  
Lisa I. Backus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
White Race ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
High Comorbidity ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Over Time

Background We examined whether key sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and mortality changed over time in a population-based cohort study. Methods and findings In a cohort of 9,127,673 persons enrolled in the United States Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, we evaluated the independent associations of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 216,046), SARS-CoV-2–related mortality (n = 10,230), and case fatality at monthly intervals between February 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. VA enrollees had a mean age of 61 years (SD 17.7) and were predominantly male (90.9%) and White (64.5%), with 14.6% of Black race and 6.3% of Hispanic ethnicity. Black (versus White) race was strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.10, [95% CI 4.65 to 5.59], p-value <0.001), mortality (AOR 3.85 [95% CI 3.30 to 4.50], p-value < 0.001), and case fatality (AOR 2.56, 95% CI 2.23 to 2.93, p-value < 0.001) in February to March 2020, but these associations were attenuated and not statistically significant by November 2020 for infection (AOR 1.03 [95% CI 1.00 to 1.07] p-value = 0.05) and mortality (AOR 1.08 [95% CI 0.96 to 1.20], p-value = 0.21) and were reversed for case fatality (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.95, p-value = 0.005). American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN versus White) race was associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in April and May 2020; this association declined over time and reversed by March 2021 (AOR 0.66 [95% CI 0.51 to 0.85] p-value = 0.004). Hispanic (versus non-Hispanic) ethnicity was associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality during almost every time period, with no evidence of attenuation over time. Urban (versus rural) residence was associated with higher risk of infection (AOR 2.02, [95% CI 1.83 to 2.22], p-value < 0.001), mortality (AOR 2.48 [95% CI 2.08 to 2.96], p-value < 0.001), and case fatality (AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.60, p-value < 0.001) in February to April 2020, but these associations attenuated over time and reversed by September 2020 (AOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89, p-value < 0.001 for infection, AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.83, p-value < 0.001 for mortality and AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93, p-value = 0.006 for case fatality). Throughout the observation period, high comorbidity burden, younger age, and obesity were consistently associated with infection, while high comorbidity burden, older age, and male sex were consistently associated with mortality. Limitations of the study include that changes over time in the associations of some risk factors may be affected by changes in the likelihood of testing for SARS-CoV-2 according to those risk factors; also, study results apply directly to VA enrollees who are predominantly male and have comprehensive healthcare and need to be confirmed in other populations. Conclusions In this study, we found that strongly positive associations of Black and AI/AN (versus White) race and urban (versus rural) residence with SARS-CoV-2 infection, mortality, and case fatality observed early in the pandemic were ameliorated or reversed by March 2021.

scholarly journals Effects of environment on human cytokine responses during childhood in the tropics: role of urban versus rural residence

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Cooper ◽  
Leila D. Amorim ◽  
Camila A. Figueiredo ◽  
Renata Esquivel ◽  
Fernanda Tupiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Residence ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Human Cytokine

Urban versus Rural Residence and Outcomes in Older Patients with Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1320
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Kenzik ◽  
Gabrielle B. Rocque ◽  
Wendy Landier ◽  
Smita Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Urban Versus

Die Aplasie der Vena cava inferior als Ursache rezidivierender Bein- und Beckenvenenthrombosen

VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiesenhausen ◽  
Amann ◽  
Thalhammer ◽  
Aschauer
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vena Cava Inferior ◽  
Caval Vein ◽  
Rare Finding ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Asplenia Syndrome

Congenital anomalies of the caval vein are often associated with other abnormities such as heart defects, situs inversus or a polysplenia-asplenia-syndrome. An isolated, congenital malformation like aplasia of the inferior vena cava is a rare finding. A review of the embryology and abnormities, diagnostics, clinical signs and treatment is given together with the histories of two patients having thrombosis of the lower extremities and pelvic veins, caused by aplasia of the inferior vena cava. After thrombotic complications caused by vena cava aplasia there is high risk of recurrence. Those patients should be anticoagulated for lifetime.

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