scholarly journals Effect of urban versus rural residence and of maternal education on infant health in South Lebanon.

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
H Zurayk ◽  
M Tawil ◽  
E Gangarosa
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
South Lebanon ◽  
Urban Versus

scholarly journals Is systemic lupus erythematosus different in urban versus rural living environment? Data from the Cretan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Registry

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gergianaki ◽  
A Fanouriakis ◽  
C Adamichou ◽  
G Spyrou ◽  
N Mihalopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Patients ◽  
Urban Versus

Background Examining urban–rural differences can provide insights into susceptibility or modifying factors of complex diseases, yet limited data exist on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective To study SLE risk, manifestations and severity in relation to urban versus rural residence. Methodology Cross-sectional analysis of the Crete Lupus Registry. Demographics, residency history and clinical data were obtained from interviews and medical records ( N=399 patients). Patients with exclusively urban, rural or mixed urban/rural residence up to enrolment were compared. Results The risk of SLE in urban versus rural areas was 2.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.66–2.61). Compared with rural, urban residence was associated with earlier (by almost seven years) disease diagnosis – despite comparable diagnostic delay – and lower female predominance (6.8:1 versus 15:1). Rural patients had fewer years of education and lower employment rates. Smoking was more frequent among urban, whereas pesticide use was increased among rural patients. A pattern of malar rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers and arthritis was more prevalent in rural patients. Residence was not associated with organ damage although moderate/severe disease occurred more frequently among rural-living patients (multivariable adjusted odds ratio: 2.17, p=0.011). Conclusion Our data suggest that the living environment may influence the risk, gender bias and phenotype of SLE, not fully accounted for by sociodemographic factors.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effect of Urban Versus Rural Residence on the Relationship Between Type of Birth Attendant and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem T. Haile ◽  
Bismark Sarfo ◽  
John Francescon ◽  
Ilana R. Chertok ◽  
Asli K. Teweldeberhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Enhancing the Cognitive Outcomes of Low Birth Weight, Premature Infants: For Whom Is the Intervention Most Effective?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215
Author(s):  
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn ◽  
Ruth T. Gross ◽  
Helena C. Kraemer ◽  
Donna Spiker ◽  
Sam Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Developmental Problems

The Infant Health and Development Program is a national collaborative study to test the efficacy of combining early child development and family support services with pediatric follow-up to reduce the incidence of health and developmental problems among low birth weight, preterm infants in eight medical school sites. Its efficacy in enhancing intellectual outcomes at age 3 in more and less environmentally vulnerable, low birth weight, preterm children, as defined by maternal education (high school completion or less vs some college) and race (black vs white/other), is explored. Children whose mothers had a high school education or less benefited from the intervention. This was true for both the black and white samples. Children whose mothers had attended college did not exhibit significant enhancement in IQ scores at 3 years. Birth weight affected the response to treatment for one of the four subgroups: Among white mothers with some college, the lighter (less than 2000 g) low birth weight, preterm children were less influenced by the intervention than were the corresponding heavier children. Implications for targeting certain subgroups of low birth weight, preterm children for services are considered.

scholarly journals Changes in the associations of race and rurality with SARS-CoV-2 infection, mortality, and case fatality in the United States from February 2020 to March 2021: A population-based cohort study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003807
Author(s):  
George N. Ioannou ◽  
Jacqueline M. Ferguson ◽  
Ann M. O’Hare ◽  
Amy S. B. Bohnert ◽  
Lisa I. Backus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
White Race ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
High Comorbidity ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Over Time

Background We examined whether key sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and mortality changed over time in a population-based cohort study. Methods and findings In a cohort of 9,127,673 persons enrolled in the United States Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, we evaluated the independent associations of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 216,046), SARS-CoV-2–related mortality (n = 10,230), and case fatality at monthly intervals between February 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. VA enrollees had a mean age of 61 years (SD 17.7) and were predominantly male (90.9%) and White (64.5%), with 14.6% of Black race and 6.3% of Hispanic ethnicity. Black (versus White) race was strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.10, [95% CI 4.65 to 5.59], p-value <0.001), mortality (AOR 3.85 [95% CI 3.30 to 4.50], p-value < 0.001), and case fatality (AOR 2.56, 95% CI 2.23 to 2.93, p-value < 0.001) in February to March 2020, but these associations were attenuated and not statistically significant by November 2020 for infection (AOR 1.03 [95% CI 1.00 to 1.07] p-value = 0.05) and mortality (AOR 1.08 [95% CI 0.96 to 1.20], p-value = 0.21) and were reversed for case fatality (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.95, p-value = 0.005). American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN versus White) race was associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in April and May 2020; this association declined over time and reversed by March 2021 (AOR 0.66 [95% CI 0.51 to 0.85] p-value = 0.004). Hispanic (versus non-Hispanic) ethnicity was associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality during almost every time period, with no evidence of attenuation over time. Urban (versus rural) residence was associated with higher risk of infection (AOR 2.02, [95% CI 1.83 to 2.22], p-value < 0.001), mortality (AOR 2.48 [95% CI 2.08 to 2.96], p-value < 0.001), and case fatality (AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.60, p-value < 0.001) in February to April 2020, but these associations attenuated over time and reversed by September 2020 (AOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89, p-value < 0.001 for infection, AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.83, p-value < 0.001 for mortality and AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93, p-value = 0.006 for case fatality). Throughout the observation period, high comorbidity burden, younger age, and obesity were consistently associated with infection, while high comorbidity burden, older age, and male sex were consistently associated with mortality. Limitations of the study include that changes over time in the associations of some risk factors may be affected by changes in the likelihood of testing for SARS-CoV-2 according to those risk factors; also, study results apply directly to VA enrollees who are predominantly male and have comprehensive healthcare and need to be confirmed in other populations. Conclusions In this study, we found that strongly positive associations of Black and AI/AN (versus White) race and urban (versus rural) residence with SARS-CoV-2 infection, mortality, and case fatality observed early in the pandemic were ameliorated or reversed by March 2021.

scholarly journals Hubungan Karakteristik Ibu dan Jarak Pelayanan Kesehatan Dengan Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar di Puskesmas Dulukapa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 08
Author(s):  
Elvi Libunelo ◽  
Yeni Paramata ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chisquare Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Every year more than 1.4 million children in the world die from variousdiseases that can be prevented by immunization. The purpose of thisresearch was to know the relationship of mother characteristic anddistance of health service to the completeness of basic immunization ininfant in Dulukapa.The type of the study was an analytic survey usingcross sectional study design, sampling technique ie exhautive samplingwhich was a sampling scheme where the researcher token all thesubjects from the population as the samples as many as 150 babies.The analysis was used univariate and bivariate analysis with chisquare test. The proportion of infants who received completeimmunization 92 (61.3%) infants and immunizations did not complete asmany as 58 (38.7%) babies. Using the chi square statistical test showedthat there was significant associated between maternal education (pvalue = 0.002), maternal occupation (p value = 0,000), maternalknowledge (p value = 0,000), health service distance (р value = 0,002)with completeness of immunization base on the baby. To improve thecompleteness of basic immunization in infants, the mother should payattention to infant health and always bring the baby to the immunizationand to the health center and health personnel to further improve healtheducation routinely, especially in the provision of basic immunization.

Urban versus rural residence and occurrence of septal heart defects in Texas

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Langlois ◽  
Angela Scheuerle ◽  
Scott A. Horel ◽  
Susan E. Carozza
Keyword(s):  
Heart Defects ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Urban Versus

scholarly journals Effects of environment on human cytokine responses during childhood in the tropics: role of urban versus rural residence

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Cooper ◽  
Leila D. Amorim ◽  
Camila A. Figueiredo ◽  
Renata Esquivel ◽  
Fernanda Tupiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Residence ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Human Cytokine

Maternal Education Gradients in Infant Health in Four South American Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2122-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Wehby ◽  
Jorge S. López-Camelo
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
South American
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