What are the benefits and harms of polymer-based oral rehydration solutions for treating people with acute watery diarrhea?

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea

Efficacy Comparison of Oral Rehydration Solutions Containing Either 90 or 75 Millimoles of Sodium per Liter

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Daniel Pizarro ◽  
Bernardita Castillo ◽  
Gloria Posada ◽  
Cecilia Lizano ◽  
Leonardo Mata
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In a randomized trial, 62 infants 2 to 35 months of age with dehydration due to acute watery diarrhea were allocated to one of two groups: group A received solution A (World Health Organization-recommended oral rehydration solution), which contained (mmol/L): Na+ 90, K+ 20, Cl- 80, citrate3- 10, and glucose 110; group B received solution B (Pedialyte RS; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago), which contained (in mmol/L): Na+ 75, K+ 20, Cl- 65, citrate3- 10, and glucose 139. Oral therapy was given until clinical signs of hydration status were normal. During the 48-hour trial, the following laboratory data were collected: blood gases, serum electrolytes, glucose, urea, and creatinine values and sodium and potassium concentrations in stool and urine; serial weights and clinical signs were also reported. Six of the 62 infants, three in each group, required intravenous fluids because of high stool output. Results of clinical outcome and normalization of altered serum electrolyte values were similar in both groups. During the 48-hour trial, eight patients in group A and four in group B had mild, asymptomatic hypernatremia. Pedialyte RS was found to be a safe glucose/electrolyte solution for oral rehydration therapy.

Clinical Trial of Glucose-Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), Rice Dextrin-ORS, and Rice Flour-ORS for the Management of Children With Acute Diarrhea and Mild or Moderate Dehydration

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Susana Molina ◽  
Carolina Vettorazzi ◽  
Janet M. Peerson ◽  
Noel W. Solomons ◽  
Kenneth H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Rehydration Solution

Objective. To assess the effects of glucose (G)-oral rehydration solution (ORS), rice dextrin (RD)-ORS, and rice flour (RF)-ORS on fluid intake, rapidity of rehydration, and stool output of children with acute diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration. Methods. The study was a randomized, double-masked clinical trial. One hundred forty-six male infants, ages 3 to 36 months, were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Clinical evaluations and fluid balances were conducted every 2 to 4 hours for 48 hours. Principal outcome variables were ORS consumption, recovery of hydration status, and fecal output. Results. The groups were similar at admission with regard to age, nutritional status, history of the current episode, and clinical status. There were no differences in ORS consumption by treatment group during any period of study. During the first 6-hour period, patients in group RF had less stool output (16 ± 14 g/kg/body weight) than those in group G (22 ± 20 g/kg) or RD (21 ± 19 g/kg; P < .05). After 12 hours of hospitalization, there were no differences by treatment group. Recovery of hydration status, changes in serum sodium and potassium, and duration of diarrhea in the hospital were similar in all three groups. Conclusion. There was a 24% to 27% reduction in stool output during the first 6 hours of treatment among children who received RF-ORS compared with those who received G-ORS or RD-ORS, but this effect did not persist after the first 12 hours of therapy. Because this difference was of small magnitude and limited duration, it has minor clinical importance. Thus, we conclude that the three solutions had similar efficacy for children with acute, watery diarrhea and mild or moderate dehydration.

High-calorie, rice-derived, short-chain, glucose polymer-based oral rehydration solution in acute watery diarrhea

1995 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Lebenthal ◽  
Khin-Maung-U ◽  
Khin-Myat-Tun ◽  
Tin-Nu-Swe ◽  
Thein-Thein-Myint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Rehydration Solution ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Rehydration Solution ◽  
High Calorie

scholarly journals Antibiotic prescriptions in the case management of acute watery diarrhea in under fives

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekong E. Udoh ◽  
Martin M. Meremikwu
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Diarrhea disease is a leading cause of under-five mortality globally. The World Health Organization recommends low osmolality oral rehydration solution, zinc supplementation and adequate nutrition in the management. Antibiotic is indicated only in specific circumstances. This study was aimed at determining the antibiotic prescription in the management of under-fives with acute watery diarrhea.Methods: An audit of under-fives managed for acute watery diarrhea was conducted between January and February 2012. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select 32 health facilities (21 primary and 11 secondary) from two local government areas of Cross River State. Case records of children managed for the condition six months prior to the audit were retrieved and evaluated. The appropriateness, types and frequency of antibiotic prescriptions were assessed.Results: A total of 370 case records were evaluated. Antibiotic was not indicated in any of the children but was prescribed for 291 (78.6%). Of this number, 169 (45.7%) received one antibiotic while 122 (33.0%) received two or more antibiotics. The difference in the prescription of multiple antibiotics between health workers in the primary and secondary facilities was statistically significant (p value = 0.00001). Metronidazole was the most prescribed antibiotic 228 (50.9%), followed by co-trimoxazole 88 (19.6%) and gentamicin 55 (11.8%).Conclusions: There is a high level of irrational antibiotic prescriptions in the State with oral metronidazole being the most prescribed. Periodic training of health workers on indications for antibiotic prescriptions in the management of diarrhea in under-fives is necessary.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Zinc and Probiotics versus Zinc Alone Therapy in Children with Acute Watery Diarrhea

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Mst Musarrat Sultana ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Shahana Akhter ◽  
Md Belal Hossain ◽  
Md Sanaul Haque Mia
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: Diarrhea is a common problem in our country especially children. There were many treatment options for acute watery diarrhea in addition to oral rehydration saline for reducing the severity of acute watery diarrhea. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of zinc & probiotics combination therapy to zinc alone therapy in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea.Method: This was a randomized controlled trial type study, conducted at department of pediatrics Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to June 2016. A total of 110 numbers of children ages 6 months to 5 years with acute watery diarrhea were enrolled those who were fulfilled the selection criteria. They were divided into two groups. Group A (n=55) received zinc-probiotics combination therapy and group B (n=55) received zinc only. Measurement of disease severity was based on the frequency of diarrhea (times/day) and duration of diarrhea (hours) after initial drug consumption.Result: Among the study population 56% male &44% female in group A and 58% male & 42% female in group B. Duration of acute watery diarrhea was significantly reduced in group A than group B(56.22 versus 70.69 hours respectively), (P-0.002)and frequency of stool also reduced in group A than group B(3.92 versus 7.15 times/day) on day 2 (P-0.002). Consistency of stool also improved in group A than group B[liquid stool12(21.8%) versus 25(45.5%), (P-0.015) on day 1, semi-liquid stool 4 (8.2%) versus 16 (30.8%), (P-0.004) on day 2, formed stool 29 (52.73%) versus 16(29.09%), P-0.004 on day 2 respectively].Conclusion: Combination therapy was more effective in reducing the severity of acute watery diarrhea than zinc alone therapy in children.TAJ 2017; 30(2): 32-38

Role of Racecadotril in Children with Acute Diarrhea

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Azmeri Sultana ◽  
Parijat Bishwas ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Uzzal Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Kazi Iman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safe Treatment ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Adults And Children

Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of illness and death among children in developing countries. Racecadotril (acetorphan), an enkephalinase inhibitor with antisecretory and anti-diarrheal actions, is an effective and safe treatment for acute diarrhea in adults and children. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of racecadotril as a treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in Dr. MR Khan Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health over 1 year (June 2017- May 2018). The study was approved by the ethical committee of the institute. The efficacy and tolerability of racecadotril (1.5 mg/kg) administered orally 3 times daily) as adjuvant therapy to oral rehydration or intravenous fluid were compared with those of placebo in 40 children aged 3 months to 60 months of children who had acute diarrhea. Results: During the first 72 hours of treatment, patients receiving racecadotril had a significantly lower stool output (grams per hour) than those receiving placebo. The mean (±SE) 72-hours stool output was 54.75± 12.92 g per kilogram in the racecadotril group and 152.50±37.64 g per kilogram in the placebo group (p<0.001). The number of purging is significantly reduced in the racecadotril group than the placebo group (11.95±2.41 Vs 14.85±1.95, p= 0.000) on third day of admission. The duration of hospital stay is significantly lower in the racecadotril group than the placebo group (73.30±23.44 vs. 177.30±25.8. p= 0.000) group. Racecadotril was well tolerated; only 3 patients taking racecadotril had adverse effects like vomiting and 2 patients had hypokalaemia and 3 patients in the placebo group developed vomiting and 1patient developed hypokalaemia which all are mild and transient. Conclusion: In young children with acute watery diarrhea, racecadotril is an effective and safe treatment along with rehydration therapy. DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 8-13

scholarly journals Oral rehydration solutions in watery diarrhea in children: what’s new?

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
I. N. Zakharova ◽  
I. V. Berezhnaya ◽  
A. T. Kamilova ◽  
O. V. Dedikova
Keyword(s):  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions
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