scholarly journals Antibiotic prescriptions in the case management of acute watery diarrhea in under fives

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekong E. Udoh ◽  
Martin M. Meremikwu
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Diarrhea disease is a leading cause of under-five mortality globally. The World Health Organization recommends low osmolality oral rehydration solution, zinc supplementation and adequate nutrition in the management. Antibiotic is indicated only in specific circumstances. This study was aimed at determining the antibiotic prescription in the management of under-fives with acute watery diarrhea.Methods: An audit of under-fives managed for acute watery diarrhea was conducted between January and February 2012. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select 32 health facilities (21 primary and 11 secondary) from two local government areas of Cross River State. Case records of children managed for the condition six months prior to the audit were retrieved and evaluated. The appropriateness, types and frequency of antibiotic prescriptions were assessed.Results: A total of 370 case records were evaluated. Antibiotic was not indicated in any of the children but was prescribed for 291 (78.6%). Of this number, 169 (45.7%) received one antibiotic while 122 (33.0%) received two or more antibiotics. The difference in the prescription of multiple antibiotics between health workers in the primary and secondary facilities was statistically significant (p value = 0.00001). Metronidazole was the most prescribed antibiotic 228 (50.9%), followed by co-trimoxazole 88 (19.6%) and gentamicin 55 (11.8%).Conclusions: There is a high level of irrational antibiotic prescriptions in the State with oral metronidazole being the most prescribed. Periodic training of health workers on indications for antibiotic prescriptions in the management of diarrhea in under-fives is necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pneumonia among Children 2 – 59 Months of Age in Gumay District, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anteneh Tesfaye ◽  
Desta Hiko ◽  
Teshome Kabeta
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Recent estimates from the World Health Organization suggest that pneumonia is responsible for 20% of deaths in the under-five age group, leading to 3 million deaths per year. Out of fifteen countries that have the highest death rate from clinical pneumonia in children younger than five-year-old, Ethiopia ranks as number four in the world. Objective To determine the prevalence and identify the associated factors of pneumonia among 2 -59 months old children in Gumay district, Jimma zone, 2017. Methods Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Gumay district from March 1- 26 /2017. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to proportionally draw 347 households from 5 selected kebeles. Pre-tested Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from households. Health professionals were recruited in the survey as data collectors and supervisors. The data was entered to Epi-Data version 3 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Result The prevalence of pneumonia in 2 to 59 months old children found to be 7.5%. a child 2-11 months of age(AOR = 3.17;95%CI 1.6,6.3; p-value= 0.024), Cooking place (AOR=5.7; 95% CI 1.83,18; p-value=0.004), living in houses with less than two windows (AOR= 3.18; 95% CI 1.07, 9.5; p-value =0.034), location of the child during cooking (AOR=5.15; 95%CI 1.6, 16.7; p-value= 0.008) and being not vaccinated (AOR=4.76, 95% CI;1.69, 13.37; p-value=0.003) were found to be significant associated with pneumonia among children 2 to 59 months of age in this study.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian jus wortel terhadap penurunan skala nyeri dismenore primer pada remaja putri

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Vivi Dwi Ariyanti ◽  
Septika Yani Veronica ◽  
Feri Kameliawati
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
The World

Based on the data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, the number of dysmenorrhea cases in the world is very large.  The results of a preliminary study conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Mataram, Central Lampung showed that from 10 teenage girls who experience menstrual pain, a total of 2 teenage girls complained of pain with a mild pain level, 6 teenage girls complained of pain with a moderate pain level, and 2 teenage girls complain of pain with a severe pain level.  This research aims to determine the effect of carrot juice consumption on the reduction of primary dysmenorrhea pain levels in teenage girls at SMA Negeri 1 Seputih Mataram, Central Lampung in 2020. The type of this research is a quantitative research with a pre-experimental design namely one-group pretest, one-group posttest design which is given to 20 people by using accidental sampling technique and by giving carrot juice twice a day with 4 hours interval from the first administration. The bivariate test used in this study was the Wilcoxon test. The results of the research show that there is an effect of carrot juice consumption to reduce dysmenorrhea pain (p value 0,001 less than 0.05).  It is recommended for health workers to be able to make carrot juice as one of the teenage girls reproductive health treatment programs in order to reduce dysmenorrhea pain.  It is expected that the results of this research can be used as a source of information and implementation for the students/teenage girls in an effort to reduce the levels of dysmenorrhea pain through the consumption of carrot juice.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude Relationship on Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Towards The Prevention of Covid-19 Transmission in RW.03 Ciganjur Village South Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Milla Evelianti Saputri ◽  
Toto Suharyanto ◽  
Dhea Khumaera
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Health Organization

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originating from Wuhan, China began to emerge in December 2019. Until now, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, and Indonesia has been one of the countries that affected by this virus since March 2020. Based on World Health Organization data on October 20, 2020, corona has spread in 215 countries and has infected 40.4 million people. And based on data from the Indonesian Task Force for Covid-19, the victims who have been infected have reached 369,000 people. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes about Clean and Healthy Behavior towards the prevention of COVID-19 in RW.03 Ciganjur Sub-District. The sample in this study amounted to 97 respondents in RW.03 Ciganjur Sub-District. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling and the data were analyzed using Chi-Square. The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge about clean and healthy behaviors against the prevention of COVID-19 transmission, indicated by a p value of 0.000 (p

Hubungan Dukungan Ibu dengan Kesiapan Remaja Putri dalam Mengahadapi Menarche

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Sellia Juwita
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Support ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sexual Processes

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescents are individuals who are undergoing a period of transition that gradually reaches sexual maturity, changes in the souls of children into adulthood. The changes that occurred at the time of Menarche caused young women to be embarrassed. Therefore, young women need to make adjustments in behavior. The adjustment cannot be done smoothly, especially if there is no support from parents, especially mothers. The role of the mother is very important in the process of growth and development of children, especially during adolescence. Teens begin to recognize the various sexual processes that are happening on the body and soul first through the mother. The design in this research is quantitative analytic, with the population of junior high school girls in Kecamatan Senapelan with total sampling technique, the number of samples 258 people. Data were collected through questionnaires and processed by computerization then analyzed univariat and bivariate using chiquare test. Univariate results in the knowing of girls who get mother support 49.2 percent and who do not get support as much as 57.8 percent, adolescents ready to face menarche 57.4 percent and not ready as much as 42.6 percent. The result of bivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between mother support with adolescent readiness in facing menarche where p value value less than 0,05. Adolescents with maternal support are more prepared for menarche than those who do not get support. Keywords: Maternal support, readiness, menarche, adolescence

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Perilaku Pencegahan Tuberkulosis Di Distrik Meyado, Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni, Papua Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febriani Robeka Wanma ◽  
Kukuh Pambuka Putra ◽  
Arwyn Weynand Nusawakan
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevention ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Papua Barat ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization states that in 2017 Tuberculosis cases are estimated to reach 842 thousand cases and 116 thousand deaths. Indonesia ranks third after India with 2.4 million cases and China with 889 thousand cases from all sufferers in the world. BTA + cases in Teluk Bintuni Regency in 2017 were 192 cases, 2018 were 265 cases and 2019 were 264 cases. The purpose of this study is to describe the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in preventing Tuberculosis. Method: The type of research used is Observational Analytic. Research site in Meyado District, Bintuni Regency, West Papua. Samples 88 respondents, The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Results: respondents with a level of knowledge of less than 42 people (48%), 32 people enough (36%) and good 14 people (16%). Respondents with negative attitudes 65 people (74%) while positive attitudes 23 people (26%). The respondent's behavior is quite 49 people (56%), less behavior 25 people (28%) and good behavior is 14 people (16%). The Spearman rho test showed no relationship between the level of knowledge with tuberculosis prevention behavior (p value = 0.214), and there was a relationship between attitudes and tuberculosis prevention behavior (p value = 0,000).

Efficacy Comparison of Oral Rehydration Solutions Containing Either 90 or 75 Millimoles of Sodium per Liter

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Daniel Pizarro ◽  
Bernardita Castillo ◽  
Gloria Posada ◽  
Cecilia Lizano ◽  
Leonardo Mata
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In a randomized trial, 62 infants 2 to 35 months of age with dehydration due to acute watery diarrhea were allocated to one of two groups: group A received solution A (World Health Organization-recommended oral rehydration solution), which contained (mmol/L): Na+ 90, K+ 20, Cl- 80, citrate3- 10, and glucose 110; group B received solution B (Pedialyte RS; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago), which contained (in mmol/L): Na+ 75, K+ 20, Cl- 65, citrate3- 10, and glucose 139. Oral therapy was given until clinical signs of hydration status were normal. During the 48-hour trial, the following laboratory data were collected: blood gases, serum electrolytes, glucose, urea, and creatinine values and sodium and potassium concentrations in stool and urine; serial weights and clinical signs were also reported. Six of the 62 infants, three in each group, required intravenous fluids because of high stool output. Results of clinical outcome and normalization of altered serum electrolyte values were similar in both groups. During the 48-hour trial, eight patients in group A and four in group B had mild, asymptomatic hypernatremia. Pedialyte RS was found to be a safe glucose/electrolyte solution for oral rehydration therapy.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF BREASTFEEDING EXCLUSIVE IN THE WORKING AREA OF RUMBIA HEALTH CENTER, BOMBANA REGENCY: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

NSC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Asnidawati Asnidawati ◽  
Wa Ode Salma ◽  
Adius Kusnan
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Breast’s milk is an excellent food for the growth and development of infants. The United Nations Children's Funds (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that children only be exclusively breastfed for six months and continued until two years. This study analyzes the effect of family support, health workers, and socio-culture on exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Rumbia Health Center, Rumbia District, Bombana Regency. Methods: This study involved 86 mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months who were registered and domiciled in the working area of the Rumbia Health Center spread over 4 Kelurahan and 1 Village, which were selected by purposive sampling using a cross-sectional design from February to April 2021. Data analysis using odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression at significance level < 0.05. Results: The largest age group in the range of 20-35 years, as many as 68 people (79.1%), undergraduate as many as 32 people (37.2%), and income above Rp. 2.552.014, - / month as many as 60 people (69.8%). The results showed an effect of family support on exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.002<0.05). There is no influence of socio-cultural factors on exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.282>0.05) and the results of multivariate analysis of the most dominant variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Rumbia Health Center District Rumbia Bombana Regency is supported by health workers with an OR = 9.199 (p-value = 0.039<0.05). Conclusions: This study concludes that the support of health workers plays a very important role in exclusive breastfeeding to infants aged six months, which can impact improving the health of toddlers. Keywords: Determinant, breastfeeding exclusive, toddler, mother

scholarly journals PENGARUH TERAPI SPIRITUAL EMOTIONAL FREEDOM TECHNIQUE (SEFT) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA LANSIA SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Mugihartadi, Sakiyan
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Face ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Health Organization

The death rate due to the Covid-19 virus based on the World Health Organization (WHO) dated April 19, 2020 was 152,551 people (WHO, 2020). According to data from the Ministry of Health, the percentage of confirmed positive Covid-19 on 27 May 2020 was 23,851 cases, and 1,473 cases died. Elderly people often experience psychological disorders such as stress, depression and anxiety, especially in the face of the Covid-19 outbreak because a lot of information about the Indonesian population has been confirmed positive and causes death to increase the level of anxiety. Efforts in overcoming anxiety that occurs in the elderly can be done with SEFT spiritual relaxation. Objective: To analyze the effect of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) therapy on reducing anxiety levels in the elderly in Grantung Village, Bayan District, Purworejo Regency. Methods: This type of research used a pre-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used total sampling with a sample size of 79 elderly in Grantung Village, Bayan District, Purworejo Regency. The data analysis technique used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The research instrument used HARS questionnaire sheet and SEFT therapy SOP. Results: The results showed that most of the anxiety levels of the elderly before being given SEFT therapy were in the moderate category of anxiety and after being given SEFT therapy, most of the anxiety levels in the elderly decreased to the mild category. Conclusion: There is an effect of SEFT therapy on the level of anxiety in the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic in Grantung Village with a value of p = 0.000 (p value <0.05). Recommendations:for the elderly should apply SEFT therapy independently to deal with anxiety problems during the pandemic Covid-19.

scholarly journals Hubungan Fototerapi Dengan Penurunan Kadar Billirubin Total Pada Bayi Baru Lahir Di RS Aulia Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 448-460
Author(s):  
Triana Indrayani ◽  
Amelia Riani ◽  
Rosmawaty Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Bilirubin Level ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Relationship Of

Latar belakang : Fototerapi diberikan jika kadar bilirubin total 10 mg/dl dalam 24 jam kelahiran. Menurut data yang diperoleh dari Word Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2015 kejadian Ikterus neonatrum di Amerika Serikat adalah 65 % dari 4 juta neonatus yang lahir setiap tahunnya, terjadi dalam minggu pertama kehidupannya.Tujuan penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara fototerapi dengan penurunan kadar bilirubin total pada bayi baru lahir di RS Aulia Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan tahun 2019.Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh bayi yang mendapatkan terapi sinar di ruang perinatologi RS Aulia  pada bulan Januari Tahun 2019 sebanyak 30 orang.Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 30 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dan diambil dari  hasil observasi langsung . tehnik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini  menggunakam  total sampling.Hasil penelitian : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dari fototerapi dengan penurunan kadar bilirubin total pada bayi baru lahir yang mengalami hiperbillirubin dengan nilai p= 0,039 di RS Aulia Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2019.Simpulan : Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan pada pemberian fototerapi dengan penurunan kadar billirubin pada bayi baru lahir di RS Aulia Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan tahun 2019Kata Kunci        :  Fototerapi, Hiperbillirubin, Bayi Baru Lahir The Relation Of Phototherapy To The Decrease Of Total Bilirubin Levels Among Newborns At Aulia Hospital Jagakarsa South Jakarta 2019 Background: Phototherapy is given if total bilirubin level is 10 mg / dl within 24 hours of birth. According to data obtained from World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 the incidence of jaundice neonatrum in the United States was 65% of the 4 million neonates born each year, occurring in the first week of life. Aim: The research aims to determine the relationship between phototherapy and a decrease in total bilirubin levels among newborns in Aulia Hospital Jagakarsa, South Jakarta in 2019. Method: This research used a cross-sectional research method. The population in this study was all infants who received phototherapy in the perinatology room of Aulia Hospital in January 2019, 30 respondents. Samples in this study were 30 infants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were taken from direct observation. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling. Results: There was a significant relationship of phototherapy with a decrease in total bilirubin levels among newborns who had hyperbillirubin with P value = 0.039 at Aulia Hospital Jagakarsa South Jakarta in 2019.Conclusion: Based on the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between phototherapy with a decrease in the level of billirubin in newborns in Aulia Hospital Jagakarsa, South Jakarta in 2019

scholarly journals FACTORS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE EVENENCE OF THE PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES IN MATERNITY MOTHER IN SAYANG HOSPITAL, CIANJUR CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Rahmawati .
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Premature rupture of membranes is rupture of membranes before there are signs of labor and after waiting for an hour before the start of labor. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 there were 303,000 women died during childbirth and as many as 20% caused by premature rupture of membranes. The incidence of maternity with premature rupture of membranes in Sayang Hospital Cianjur in 2016 was 1151 maternity with premature rupture of membranes from 6814 births while in 2017 there were 1272 births with premature rupture of 5887 births. This study aims to determine the relationship between premature rupture of membranes with age, parity, education, and history of premature rupture of membranes. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with age with a P value = 0.008 OR value of 0.556. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with parity with a P value = 0,000 OR value of 3.336. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with education with a P value = 0.001 OR value of 2.431. Statistical test results obtained that there is no relationship between premature rupture of membranes with a history of premature rupture of membranes with a P value = 0.949 OR value of 2.431. It is recommended for health workers to increase their preventive efforts so that pregnant women get clear information about premature rupture of membranes and anticipate problems that can arise in labor

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