Role of Tumor Cell Immune Escape Mechanisms in Cytomegalovirus-Mediated Oncomodulation

ChemInform ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindrich Jr. Cinatl ◽  
Martin Scholz ◽  
Hans Wilhelm Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus-mediated oncomodulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindrich Cinatl ◽  
Martin Scholz ◽  
Hans Wilhelm Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

scholarly journals Immuno-genomic PanCancer Landscape Reveals Diverse Immune Escape Mechanisms and Immuno-Editing Histories

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Mizuno ◽  
Rui Yamaguchi ◽  
Takanori Hasegawa ◽  
Shuto Hayashi ◽  
Masashi Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Escape ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
Immune Therapies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Copy Number Changes ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

AbstractImmune reactions in the tumor micro-environment are one of the cancer hallmarks and emerging immune therapies have been proven effective in many types of cancer. To investigate cancer genome-immune interactions and the role of immuno-editing or immune escape mechanisms in cancer development, we analyzed 2,834 whole genomes and RNA-seq datasets across 31 distinct tumor types from the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) project with respect to key immuno-genomic aspects. We show that selective copy number changes in immune-related genes could contribute to immune escape. Furthermore, we developed an index of the immuno-editing history of each tumor sample based on the information of mutations in exonic regions and pseudogenes. Our immuno-genomic analyses of pan-cancer analyses have the potential to identify a subset of tumors with immunogenicity and diverse background or intrinsic pathways associated with their immune status and immuno-editing history.

scholarly journals The role of tumor-derived exosomes in tumor immune escape: A concise review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4132-4137
Author(s):  
Nhat Chau Truong ◽  
Thao Nhi Huynh ◽  
Khuong Duy Pham ◽  
Phuc Van Pham
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Tumor Immune Escape ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by viable cells into the microenvironment. These vesicles bring various compositions, including lipids, RNAs and proteins, which carry information from producer cells to target cells. Cancer cells also produce exosomes, termed as tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), which play important roles in immune modulation, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumors. This review summarizes the roles of TDEs in tumor immune escape mechanisms. TDEs affect all kinds of tumor-associated immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), T and B lymphocytes, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Generally, TDEs suppress the immune system to promote tumor immune escape, thereby significantly contributing to tumorigenesis and metastasis.

scholarly journals Immunogenomic pan-cancer landscape reveals immune escape mechanisms and immunoediting histories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Mizuno ◽  
Rui Yamaguchi ◽  
Takanori Hasegawa ◽  
Shuto Hayashi ◽  
Masashi Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Escape ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Immune Therapies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Copy Number Changes ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms ◽  
Pan Cancer

AbstractImmune reactions in the tumor microenvironment are an important hallmark of cancer, and emerging immune therapies have been proven effective against several types of cancers. To investigate cancer genome-immune interactions and the role of immunoediting or immune escape mechanisms in cancer development, we analyzed 2834 whole genome and RNA sequencing datasets across 31 distinct tumor types with respect to key immunogenomic aspects and provided comprehensive immunogenomic profiles of pan-cancers. We found that selective copy number changes in immune-related genes may contribute to immune escape. Furthermore, we developed an index of the immunoediting history of each tumor sample based on the information of mutations in exonic regions and pseudogenes and evaluated the immunoediting history of each tumor. Our immuno-genomic analyses of pan-cancers have the potential to identify a subset of tumors with immunogenicity and diverse backgrounds or intrinsic pathways associated with their immune status and immunoediting history.

scholarly journals Murine Models of B-Cell Lymphomas: Promising Tools for Designing Cancer Therapies

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Donnou ◽  
Claire Galand ◽  
Valérie Touitou ◽  
Catherine Sautès-Fridman ◽  
Zsuzsanna Fabry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
New Therapies ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

Human B-cell lymphomas, the fourth most common hematologic malignancy, are currently the subject of extensive research. The limited accessibility of biopsies, the heterogeneity among patients, and the subtypes of lymphomas have necessitated the development of animal models to decipher immune escape mechanisms and design new therapies. Here, we summarize the cell lines and murine models used to study lymphomagenesis, the lymphoma microenvironment, and the efficacy of new therapies. These data allow us to understand the role of the immune system in the fight against tumors. Exploring the advantages and limitations of immunocompetent versus immunodeficient models improves our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor genesis and development as well as the fundamental processes governing the interaction of tumors and their host tissues. We posit that these basic preclinical investigations will open up new and promising approaches to designing better therapies.

scholarly journals Role of Immune Escape Mechanisms in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Development and Progression: A Whole New World with Therapeutic Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis de la Cruz-Merino ◽  
Marylène Lejeune ◽  
Esteban Nogales Fernández ◽  
Fernando Henao Carrasco ◽  
Ana Grueso López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Sizeable Fraction ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Syndromes

Hodgkin's lymphoma represents one of the most frequent lymphoproliferative syndromes, especially in young population. Although HL is considered one of the most curable tumors, a sizeable fraction of patients recur after successful upfront treatment or, less commonly, are primarily resistant. This work tries to summarize the data on clinical, histological, pathological, and biological factors in HL, with special emphasis on the improvement of prognosis and their impact on therapeutical strategies. The recent advances in our understanding of HL biology and immunology show that infiltrated immune cells and cytokines in the tumoral microenvironment may play different functions that seem tightly related with clinical outcomes. Strategies aimed at interfering with the crosstalk between tumoral Reed-Sternberg cells and their cellular partners have been taken into account in the development of new immunotherapies that target different cell components of HL microenvironment. This new knowledge will probably translate into a change in the antineoplastic treatments in HL in the next future and hopefully will increase the curability rates of this disease.

Prostate Cancer Progression and Surrounding Microenvironment

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Tumor Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

Bidirectional cellular interactions between prostate cancer and prostate or bone stroma are needed for local tumor growth and distant metastasis. The genetics of cancer cells is affected by the host microenvironment and, reciprocally, permanent gene expression changes occur in the stroma surrounding epithelial cancer cells. The immune-mediated micromilieu also affects the progression of prostate cancer; the role of the immune system in controlling the growth of prostate cancer cells is complex, with immune escape mechanisms prevailing over effective antitumor response. Moreover, tumor stem cell models to explain the origin and progression of prostate cancer require appropriate environmental conditions. On the basis of a review of the literature, this article aims to outline the recent advances in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between prostate cancer and its microenvironment.

Molecular basis of transcriptional repression of anti-CRISPR by anti-CRISPR-associated 2

2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yeon Lee ◽  
Gi Eob Kim ◽  
Hyun Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Upstream Promoter ◽  
Fine Regulation ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

CRISPR–Cas systems are well known host defense mechanisms that are conserved in bacteria and archaea. To counteract CRISPR–Cas systems, phages and viruses have evolved to possess multiple anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins that can inhibit the host CRISPR–Cas system via different strategies. The expression of acr genes is controlled by anti-CRISPR-associated (Aca) proteins that bind to an upstream promoter and regulate the expression of acr genes during transcription. Although the role of Aca as a transcriptional repressor has been demonstrated, the mechanism of action of Aca has not been determined. Here, the molecular mechanism underlying the Aca2-mediated transcriptional control of acr genes was elucidated by determining the crystal structure of Aca2 from Oceanimonas smirnovii at a high resolution of 1.92 Å. Aca2 forms a dimer in solution, and dimerization of Aca2 is critical for specific promoter binding. The promoter-binding strategy of dimeric Aca2 was also revealed by performing mutagenesis studies. The atomic structure of the Aca family shown in this study provides insights into the fine regulation of host defense and immune-escape mechanisms and also demonstrates the conserved working mechanism of the Aca family.

scholarly journals Role of the host genetic variability in the influenza A virus susceptibility.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Arcanjo ◽  
Giovanni Mazzocco ◽  
Silviene Fabiana De Oliveira ◽  
Dariusz Plewczynski ◽  
Jan P Radomski
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms ◽  
Virus Variability

The aftermath of influenza infection is determined by a complex set of host-pathogen interactions, where genomic variability on both viral and host sides influences the final outcome. Although there exists large body of literature describing influenza virus variability, only a very small fraction covers the issue of host variance. The goal of this review is to explore the variability of host genes responsible for host-pathogen interactions, paying particular attention to genes responsible for the presence of sialylated glycans in the host endothelial membrane, mucus, genes used by viral immune escape mechanisms, and genes particularly expressed after vaccination, since they are more likely to have a direct influence on the infection outcome.

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