Is Freeze Damage Ever as Bad as We Think It Will Be?

Crops & Soils ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Sever
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Damage

Freeze-substituted fungal cells of Nectria haematococca: A comparison of the macroconidial walls of the adhesion-competent wild type with an adhesion-reduced mutant

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-689
Author(s):  
Thecan Caesar-Ton That ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Tube Emergence ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Freeze Damage

Nectria haematococca mating population I (anamorph, Fusarium solani) macroconidia attach to its host (squash) and non-host surfaces prior to germ tube emergence. The macroconidia become adhesive after a brief period of protein synthesis. Recently, Hickman et al. (1989) isolated N. haematococca adhesion-reduced mutants. Using freeze substitution, we compared the development of the macroconidial wall in the wild type in comparison to one of the mutants, LEI.Macroconidia were harvested at 1C, washed by centrifugation, resuspended in a dilute zucchini fruit extract and incubated from 0 - 5 h. During the incubation period, wild type macroconidia attached to uncoated dialysis tubing. Mutant macroconidia did not attach and were collected on poly-L-lysine coated dialysis tubing just prior to freezing. Conidia on the tubing were frozen in liquid propane at 191 - 193C, substituted in acetone with 2% OsO4 and 0.05% uranyl acetate, washed with acetone, and flat-embedded in Epon-Araldite. Using phase contrast microscopy at 1000X, cells without freeze damage were selected, remounted, sectioned and post-stained sequentially with 1% Ba(MnO4)2 2% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. At least 30 cells/treatment were examined.

scholarly journals Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Louise Ferguson ◽  
Niels Maness ◽  
Becky Carroll ◽  
William Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.

NMR relaxometry study of development of freeze damage in mandarin orange

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 3133-3139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Michael J McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Relaxometry ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Mandarin Orange

scholarly journals Primary Bud Hardiness of Four Genotypes of Grapes in Arkansas

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Bourne ◽  
J.N. Moore ◽  
Milon F. George
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Vitis Spp

Four interspecific grape hybrids (Vitis spp.) developed in Arkansas were evaluated for primary bud hardiness by differential thermal analysis. Buds from two locations were analyzed over 2 years for acclimation, midwinter hardiness, and deacclimation. In addition, effects of two training systems on cold hardiness of buds were evaluated in one location. The buds of the two genotypes with the greatest component of V. vinifera in their ancestry acclimated more slowly than did the other genotypes. Ultimate midwinter bud hardiness was greater in the genotypes possessing less V. vinifera than other parentage. No effect on cold hardiness due to training system was noted. No natural winter freeze damage was observed on any of the genotypes in the period of observation.

Identifying and Reducing Scaling Problems in Solar Hot Water Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek K. Baker ◽  
Gary C. Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tank Wall ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Water Side ◽  
Freeze Damage

In areas with hard water, scaling can reduce the reliability of solar hot water (SHW) systems. Common reliability problems associated with scaling are both mechanical (collector freeze damage, clogged passages, premature failure of pumps and valves) and thermal (efficiency degradation). A mechanistic and a mathematical scaling rate model are presented. Results from controlled experiments investigating the affect of key water chemistry and heat transfer parameters on the scaling rate are summarized. The implications of these results for designing SHW systems for scaling environments are discussed. Most importantly, indirect systems where the potable water side of the heat exchanger is integrated into the storage tank wall, such as in a wrap-around heat exchanger, are shown to be the most mechanically and thermally reliable systems for scaling environments. A new version of the software SolScale is discussed, which is intended to aid in the design of SHW systems to reduce scaling related reliability problems.

The Use and Results of the Wind Machine to Prevent Freeze Damage

1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Georg
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
The Past ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Frost Protection ◽  
Made In

The Federal-State Frost Warning Service, Lakeland, Florida has been investigating the use of wind machines for frost protection under Florida weather conditions for the past six years. Lake Garfield Nurseries Company of Bartow was the cooperator during all the investigations to date. Their machines were located in nursery and small tree plots, and the effectiveness of the machines on the 18" temperature profile was our primary concern. More recently, however, studies at standard shelter height have also been made in a bearing grapefruit grove. A summary of most investigations is available upon request from the Federal-State Frost Warning Service, Box 1058, Lakeland, Florida. Paper published with permission.

SPRING FREEZE DAMAGE TO RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY BUDS AND BERRIES

2006 ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Marshall ◽  
J.M. Spiers ◽  
B.J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Damage

Non-destructive freeze damage detection in oranges using machine vision and ultraviolet fluorescence

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Slaughter ◽  
D.M. Obenland ◽  
J.F. Thompson ◽  
M.L. Arpaia ◽  
D.A. Margosan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Non Destructive
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