scholarly journals Salix dormant bud cryotolerance varies by taxon, harvest year, and stem‐segment length

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1965-1973
Author(s):  
Maria M. Jenderek ◽  
Barbara D. Ambruzs ◽  
Gregory E. Holman ◽  
Jeffrey D. Carstens ◽  
David D. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Segment Length ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
Harvest Year

scholarly journals Pengujian Karakter-Karakter Kuantitatif Tajuk dan Umbi Klon-Klon Ubi Jalar (Ipomea batatas L.) Asal Maluku

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Genesis Pattiserlihun ◽  
Meitty L Hehanussa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study aimed to examine the quantitative characters of crowns and tuber of sweet potato clones from Maluku. The research was conducted on the field near the building of the Research Institute of Pattimura University, in Rumahtiga Village, from March to August 2017. This research was done as a single factor experiment, that tested 21 sweet potato clones. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design. The experiment was conducted with 3 replications so that there were 63 experimental units. Data analysis was carried out by analysis of variance with the F test, and if there was a significant effect, the analysis was continued with the Duncan New Multiple Range Test at an α = 0,05. The variables observed included stem length, number of green leaves, stem length, individual leaf area, number of branches, length of the tuber, tuber diameter, number of tuber per plant and weight of fresh storage roots per plant. From this study, it was found that vegetative variables including stem segment length, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf area showed very significant differences among 19 local clones of sweet potatoes from Maluku and 2 clones of national superior varieties tested. Yield variables of tuber length, tuber number per plant and fresh tuber weight per plant showed very significant differences among 19 local sweet potato clones from Maluku and two national superior varieties clones tested, meanwhile tuber diameter showed significant differences. B9, BR5, H1, A13, AR1, and A15 clones produced average fresh tuber weight per plant above the national varieties of Cilembu and Antin 2. Keywords: local clones, Maluku, sweet potato, vegetative character, yield   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji karakter-karakter kuantitatif tajuk dan umbi klon-klon ubi jalar asal Maluku. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan di belakang gedung Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Patimura Ambon, Desa Rumahtiga pada bulan Maret sampai bulan Agustus 2017. Percobaan ini merupakan percobaan faktor tunggal, yaitu pengujian 21 klon ubi jalar. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap berblok. Percobaan dilakukan dengan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 63 satuan percobaan. Analisis data pengamatan dilakukan dengan analysis of variance dengan uji F, dan apabila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata maka analisis diteruskan dengan uji lanjut menggunakan uji pembandingan rata-rata Duncan New Multiple Range Test pada taraf nyata α = 0,05. Peubah-peubah yang diamati meliputi panjang ruas batang, jumlah daun hijau, panjang batang, luas individu daun, jumlah cabang, panjang umbi, diameter umbi, jumlah umbi per tanaman dan bobot umbi segar per tanaman. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa peubah-peubah vegetatif yang meliputi panjang ruas batang, panjang batang, jumlah cabang, jumlah daun dan luas daun menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang sangat nyata di antara 19 klon lokal ubi jalar asal Maluku dan dua klon varietas unggul nasional yang diuji. Peubah-peubah produksi panjang umbi, jumlah umbi per tanaman dan berat umbi segar per tanaman menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang sangat nyata di antara 19 klon lokal ubi jalar asal Maluku dan dua klon varietas unggul nasional yang diuji, sedangkan diameter umbi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata. Klon-klon B9, BR5, H1, A13, AR1 dan A15 menghasilkan rata-rata berat umbi segar per tanaman di atas varietas nasional Cilembu dan Antin 2. Kata kunci: karakter vegetatif, klon-klon lokal, produksi, ubi jalar, Maluku

A Leaf Bud Development Scale for Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 455f-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scott NeSmith ◽  
Gerard Krewer ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Winter Chilling

Crop vegetative and reproductive development are frequently divided into stages to describe progression of development. Such a description is useful in denoting developmental differences between cultivars, for making crop management decisions based on growth stages, and for clear communication among individuals concerned with research, management, and production of the crop. We have developed such a scale for leaf bud development in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Our scale has six stages briefly described as follows: 1) dormant bud; 2) early green tip; 3) late green tip; 4) unfolding stage; 5) mouse-ear stage; 6) fully opened bud. Categorizing buds in this manner has proven useful in comparing rates of leaf development between cultivars and in response to winter chilling. The stages appear to be relevant to highbush blueberries (V. corymbosum) as well.

Understanding the CoVID-19 pandemic Curve through statistical approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrar Ul Hassan Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Change Point Detection ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Infected Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Detection

UNSTRUCTURED Current research is an attempt to understand the CoVID-19 pandemic curve through statistical approach of probability density function with associated skewness and kurtosis measures, change point detection and polynomial fitting to estimate infected population along with 30 days projection. The pandemic curve has been explored for above average affected countries, six regions and global scale during 64 days of 22nd January to 24th March, 2020. The global cases infection as well as recovery rate curves remained in the ranged of 0 ‒ 9.89 and 0 ‒ 8.89%, respectively. The confirmed cases probability density curve is high positive skewed and leptokurtic with mean global infected daily population of 6620. The recovered cases showed bimodal positive skewed curve of leptokurtic type with daily recovery of 1708. The change point detection helped to understand the CoVID-19 curve in term of sudden change in term of mean or mean with variance. This pointed out disease curve is consist of three phases and last segment that varies in term of day lengths. The mean with variance based change detection is better in differentiating phases and associated segment length as compared to mean. Global infected population might rise in the range of 0.750 to 4.680 million by 24th April 2020, depending upon the pandemic curve progress beyond 24th March, 2020. Expected most affected countries will be USA, Italy, China, Spain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Iran and UK with at least infected population of over 0.100 million. Infected population polynomial projection errors remained in the range of -78.8 to 49.0%.

scholarly journals Fast and robust identity-by-descent inference with the templated positional Burrows-Wheeler transform

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A Freyman ◽  
Kimberly F McManus ◽  
Suyash S Shringarpure ◽  
Ethan M Jewett ◽  
Katarzyna Bryc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Haplotype Sharing ◽  
Binary File ◽  
Inference Algorithms ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Burrows Wheeler Transform

Abstract Estimating the genomic location and length of identical-by-descent (IBD) segments among individuals is a crucial step in many genetic analyses. However, the exponential growth in the size of biobank and direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic data sets makes accurate IBD inference a significant computational challenge. Here we present the templated positional Burrows-Wheeler transform (TPBWT) to make fast IBD estimates robust to genotype and phasing errors. Using haplotype data simulated over pedigrees with realistic genotyping and phasing errors we show that the TPBWT outperforms other state-of-the-art IBD inference algorithms in terms of speed and accuracy. For each phase-aware method, we explore the false positive and false negative rates of inferring IBD by segment length and characterize the types of error commonly found. Our results highlight the fragility of most phased IBD inference methods; the accuracy of IBD estimates can be highly sensitive to the quality of haplotype phasing. Additionally we compare the performance of the TPBWT against a widely used phase-free IBD inference approach that is robust to phasing errors. We introduce both in-sample and out-of-sample TPBWT-based IBD inference algorithms and demonstrate their computational efficiency on massive-scale datasets with millions of samples. Furthermore we describe the binary file format for TPBWT-compressed haplotypes that results in fast and efficient out-of-sample IBD computes against very large cohort panels. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the TPBWT in a brief empirical analysis exploring geographic patterns of haplotype sharing within Mexico. Hierarchical clustering of IBD shared across regions within Mexico reveals geographically structured haplotype sharing and a strong signal of isolation by distance. Our software implementation of the TPBWT is freely available for non-commercial use in the code repository https://github.com/23andMe/phasedibd.

scholarly journals A Chromosome-Based Model for Estimating the Number of Conserved Segments Between Pairs of Species From Comparative Genetic Maps

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
David Waddington ◽  
Anthea J Springbett ◽  
David W Burt
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Syntenic Block ◽  
Comparative Maps

Abstract Comparative genetic maps of two species allow insights into the rearrangements of their genomes since divergence from a common ancestor. When the map details the positions of genes (or any set of orthologous DNA sequences) on chromosomes, syntenic blocks of one or more genes may be identified and used, with appropriate models, to estimate the number of chromosomal segments with conserved content conserved between species. We propose a model for the distribution of the lengths of unobserved segments on each chromosome that allows for widely differing chromosome lengths. The model uses as data either the counts of genes in a syntenic block or the distance between extreme members of a block, or both. The parameters of the proposed segment length distribution, estimated by maximum likelihood, give predictions of the number of conserved segments per chromosome. The model is applied to data from two comparative maps for the chicken, one with human and one with mouse.

A novel third space endoscopic procedure, per-rectal endoscopic myotomy, for Hirschsprung’s disease: Medium and long-term outcomes

Endoscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amol Bapaye ◽  
Parag Dashatwar ◽  
Vishnu Biradar ◽  
Shital Biradar ◽  
Rajendra Pujari
Keyword(s):  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Stool Frequency ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Anal Stenosis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Aganglionic Segment ◽  
Endoscopic Myotomy

Introduction Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is congenital aganglionosis affecting hindgut and presents with constipation. Surgical pull-through is current standard but has morbidity. Per-rectal endoscopic myotomy (PREM) is a novel third space endoscopy technique for treating SS-HSCR. Methods Retrospective series of SS-HSCR patients diagnosed on history, contrast enema, rectal biopsies, anorectal manometry and treated by PREM. Aganglionic segment mapped pre-PREM. PREM performed using third space endoscopy principles. Objective – to compare stool frequency and unit laxative (UL) usage pre and post-PREM. Results N = 9; duration 4-years. Mean age – 7.5 (± 5.2) years; 7 males. Mean aganglionic segment length – 6.3 (± 4.4) cm. Mean procedure time – 96.1 (±37.9) minutes. Mean LOS – 2.5 (±0.7) days. Median follow-up –17 months (9 – 58). Stool frequency – pre – 1/4.4 (±1.5) vs. post – 1/1.2 (±0.4) days (p = 0.0004). Mean UL usage – pre – 5.4 (±4.9) vs. post – 0.4 (±0.7) units (p = 0.0002). No laxatives in 6 (66%). Single AE (anal stenosis) – dilatation. Conclusions PREM is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for SS-HSCR and provides long-term response.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Study of Variety Oenological Potential Using Statistic Tools for the Efficient Use of Non-Renewable Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4003
Author(s):  
Sílvia Petronilho ◽  
Alisa Rudnitskaya ◽  
Manuel A. Coimbra ◽  
Sílvia M. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The evaluation of the variety suitability regarding each appellation’s specificities should be a strategy for maximizing the varieties’ oenological potential while contributing to the sustainable production of quality wines, keeping their typicity and rationalizing winemaking costs. Thus, the combination of several grape physicochemical attributes, modulated by climate and vineyard characteristics, providing knowledge for each grape variety’s oenological potential, is a relevant and reliable support for winemakers’ decisions. To prove this hypothesis, six mature grape varieties from three harvests, each one from three vineyard parcels with different topographical conditions from Bairrada Appellation (Portugal), were studied using analysis of variance–simultaneous components analysis (ASCA). The effects of harvest year and parcel on grape berry weight, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars, total phenolics, antiradical activity, and volatile composition in free and glycosidically-linked forms were analyzed. The compositional plasticity of autochthonous varieties (white Arinto and Bical and red Baga, Castelão, and Touriga Nacional) was observed. Sauvignon Blanc grape composition was significantly modulated by harvest. This study represents an important contribution for the maintenance of varieties’ biodiversity while contributing to establishing their peculiarities. Autochthonous varieties, if accurately exploited, can provide higher characteristic diversity than worldwide used varieties, an aspect to be more objectively taken into consideration by winemakers.

scholarly journals Macular Pigment Optical Density and Photoreceptor Outer Segment Length as Predisease Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Nagai ◽  
Sakiko Minami ◽  
Misa Suzuki ◽  
Hajime Shinoda ◽  
Toshihide Kurihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Macular Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fellow Eyes

To explore predisease biomarkers, which may help screen for the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at very early stages, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) length were analyzed. Thirty late AMD fellow eyes, which are at high risk and represent the predisease condition of AMD, were evaluated and compared with 30 age-matched control eyes without retinal diseases; there was no early AMD involvement in the AMD fellow eyes. MPOD was measured using MPS2® (M.E. Technica Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and PROS length was measured based on optical coherence tomography images. MPOD levels and PROS length in the AMD fellow eyes were significantly lower and shorter, respectively, than in control eyes. MPOD and PROS length were positively correlated in control eyes (R = 0.386; p = 0.035) but not in AMD fellow eyes. Twenty (67%) AMD fellow eyes met the criteria of MPOD < 0.65 and/or PROS length < 35 μm, while only five (17%) control eyes did. After adjusting for age and sex, AMD fellow eyes more frequently satisfied the definition (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 3.50–60.4; odds ratio, 14.6). The combination of MPOD and PROS length may be a useful biomarker for screening predisease AMD patients, although further studies are required in this regard.

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