Mechanisms of impaired insulin action in isolated adipocytes from obese and diabetic subjects

The study investigated whether a persistent impairment of insulin secretion resulting from mild protein restriction predisposes to loss of glucoregulatory control and impaired insulin action after the subsequent imposition of the diabetogenic challenge of high-fat feeding. Offspring of dams provided with either control (20% protein) diet (C) or an isocaloric restricted (8%) protein diet (PR) were weaned onto the maintenance diet with which their mothers had been provided. At 20 wk of age, protein restriction enhanced glucose tolerance despite impaired insulin secretion and an augmented and sensitized lipolytic response to norepinephrine in adipocytes. C and PR rats were then transferred to a high-fat diet (HF, 19% protein, 22% lipid, 34% carbohydrate) and sampled after 8 wk. These groups are termed C-HF and PR-HF. Glucose tolerance was impaired in PR-HF, but not C-HF, rats. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates were significantly lower (by 30%; P < 0.01) in the PR-HF group than in the C-HF group, and a specific impairment of antilipolytic response of insulin was unmasked in adipocytes from PR-HF, but not C-HF, rats. The study demonstrates that antecedent protein restriction accelerates and augments the development of impaired glucoregulation and insulin resistance after high-fat feeding.

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Impaired Insulin Action in Rats with Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diab.33.9.901 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 901-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. Levy ◽

J. R. Gavin ◽

A. Fausto ◽

R. L. Gingerich ◽

L. V. Avioli

Keyword(s):

Insulin Action ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Impaired Insulin Action

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Current views on type 2 diabetes

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe-09-0260 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 204 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 213

Author(s):

Yi Lin ◽

Zhongjie Sun

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Animal Models ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Large Population ◽

Specific Aspect ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Critical Components ◽

Impaired Insulin Action

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects a large population worldwide. T2DM is a complex heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia and impaired insulin action and/or insulin secretion. T2DM causes dysfunctions in multiple organs or tissues. Current theories of T2DM include a defect in insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle, a dysfunction of the pancreatic β-cells, a disruption of secretory function of adipocytes, and an impaired insulin action in liver. The etiology of human T2DM is multifactorial, with genetic background and physical inactivity as two critical components. The pathogenesis of T2DM is not fully understood. Animal models of T2DM have been proved to be useful to study the pathogenesis of, and to find a new therapy for, the disease. Although different animal models share similar characteristics, each mimics a specific aspect of genetic, endocrine, metabolic, and morphologic changes that occur in human T2DM. The purpose of this review is to provide the recent progress and current theories in T2DM and to summarize animal models for studying the pathogenesis of the disease.

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059. POOR GROWTH BEFORE BIRTH IMPAIRS INSULIN SECRETION - WHAT WE HAVE LEARNT ABOUT THE MECHANISMS FROM THE PLACENTALLY-RESTRICTED SHEEP

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/srb09abs059 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

K. L. Gatford

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Beta Cell ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Cell Function ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Beta Cell Mass ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Impaired Insulin Action

Diabetes occurs when insulin secretion fails to increase sufficiently to compensate for developing insulin resistance. This implies that the increased risk of diabetes in adults who were small at birth reflects impaired insulin secretion as well as their well-known insulin resistance. More recently, direct evidence has been obtained that adults and children who were growth-restricted before birth secrete less insulin than they should, given their level of insulin resistance. Our research group is using the placentally-restricted (PR) sheep to investigate the mechanisms underlying impaired insulin action (sensitivity and secretion) induced by poor growth before birth. Like the intra-uterine growth-restricted (IUGR) human, the PR sheep develops impaired insulin action by adulthood, but has enhanced insulin sensitivity in infancy, associated with neonatal catch-up growth1, 2. Impaired insulin action begins to develop in early postnatal life, where although basal insulin action is high due to enhanced insulin sensitivity, maximal glucose-stimulated insulin action is already impaired in males3. Our cellular and molecular studies have identified impaired beta-cell function rather than mass as the likely cause of impaired insulin secretion, and we have reported a novel molecular defect in the calcium channels involved in the insulin secretion pathway in the pancreas of these lambs3. Upregulation of IGF-II and insulin receptor are implicated as key molecular regulators of beta-cell mass in the PR lamb3. By adulthood, both basal and maximal insulin action are profoundly impaired in the male lamb who was growth-restricted at birth2. These studies suggest therapies to prevent diabetes in the individual who grew poorly before birth should target beta-cell function, possibly in addition to further increasing beta-cell mass, to improve insulin secretion capacity, and its ability to increase in response to development of insulin resistance. We are now using the PR sheep to test potential therapies, since the timing of pancreatic development and hence exposure to a growth-restricting environment, is similar to that of the human.

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Impaired insulin action but normal insulin receptor activity in diabetic rat liver: effect of vanadate

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.3.e459 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 258 (3) ◽

pp. E459-E467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Blondel ◽

J. Simon ◽

B. Chevalier ◽

B. Portha

Keyword(s):

Insulin Receptor ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Receptor Kinase ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Insulin Receptor Kinase ◽

Impaired Insulin Action

In vivo insulin resistance is a characteristic of the liver and peripheral tissues in 10-wk-old female rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozotocin given on day 5 after birth. Oral administration of vanadate (0.2 mg/ml) for 20 days in the diabetic rats lowered their plasma glucose levels to normal values without affecting their basal plasma insulin levels. In the basal state as well as after submaximal or maximal hyperinsulinemia (euglycemic clamp studies), peripheral glucose utilization and hepatic glucose production in vivo were normalized in the diabetic rats after the vanadate treatment. In wheat germ agglutinin purified receptors, 125I-labeled porcine insulin binding, basal and insulin-stimulated insulin receptor kinase activities for both the autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit and the phosphorylation of the artificial substrate poly (Glu-Tyr) 4:1, were found identical in diabetic and control rats, treated or not with vanadate. Liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was significantly enhanced in untreated diabetic rats (P less than 0.01) as compared with control rats and returned to normal values after the 20-day vanadate treatment. Thus, in that model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, 1) oral vanadate exerts a corrective insulin-like effect on impaired insulin action both at the level of liver and peripheral tissues, 2) impaired insulin action with no alteration of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase is observed in the liver of untreated rats, and 3) corrective effect of vanadate on liver glucose metabolism is probably distal to the insulin receptor kinase activity.

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Consumption of carbohydrate solutions enhances energy intake without increased body weight and impaired insulin action in rat skeletal muscles

Diabetes & Metabolism ◽

10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70184-2 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 178-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J Ruzzin ◽

YC Lai ◽

J Jensen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Impaired Insulin Action

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Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Circumvents Defective Insulin Action in Human Myotonic Dystrophy Skeletal Muscle Cells1

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo.140.9.7057 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 140 (9) ◽

pp. 4244-4250 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Denis Furling ◽

André Marette ◽

Jack Puymirat

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Factor I ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Igf I ◽

Impaired Insulin Action

Abstract Primary human skeletal muscle cell cultures derived from muscles of a myotonic dystrophy (DM) fetus provided a model in which both resistance to insulin action described in DM patient muscles and the potential ability of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to circumvent this defect could be investigated. Basal glucose uptake was the same in cultured DM cells as in normal myotubes. In DM cells, a dose of 10 nm insulin produced no stimulatory effect on glucose uptake, and at higher concentrations, stimulation of glucose uptake remained significantly lower than that in normal myotubes. In addition, basal and insulin-mediated protein synthesis were both significantly reduced compared with those in normal cells. In DM myotubes, insulin receptor messenger RNA expression and insulin receptor binding were significantly diminished, whereas the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters was not affected. These results indicate that impaired insulin action is retained in DM cultured myotubes. The action of recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) was evaluated in this cellular model. We showed that rhIGF-I is able to stimulate glucose uptake to a similar extent as in control cells and restore normal protein synthesis level in DM myotubes. Thus, rhIGF-I is able to bypass impaired insulin action in DM myotubes. This provides a solid foundation for the eventual use of rhIGF-I as an effective treatment of muscle weakness and wasting in DM.

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Monitoring of Patient With Diabetes Mellitus

Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma ◽

10.30742/jikw.v3i2.23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Widodo Widodo

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Impaired Insulin Action

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which is caused by impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia will lead to dysfunction and damage to various organs, such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. This paper discusses the monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus according to the laboratory tests, to know when the results of therapy has reached the optimum point as well as the prevention of complications that can occur.

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