Treatment of hyperglycaemia in newly diagnosed diabetic patients is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and improvement inβ-cell function

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 590-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhankar D. Acharya ◽  
Amol J. Pande ◽  
Suyog M. Joshi ◽  
Chittaranjan S. Yajnik ◽  
Saroj S. Ghaskadbi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

scholarly journals Improved <i>β</i>-cell function rather than increased insulin sensitivity is associated with reduction in hemoglobin A1c in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Satoru Sumitani ◽  
Shinya Morita ◽  
Reiko Deguchi ◽  
Koichi Hirai ◽  
Kosuke Mukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Brasnyó ◽  
Gergő A. Molnár ◽  
Márton Mohás ◽  
Lajos Markó ◽  
Boglárka Laczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Although resveratrol has widely been studied for its potential health benefits, little is known about its metabolic effects in humans. Our aims were to determine whether the polyphenol resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients and to gain some insight into the mechanism of its action. After an initial general examination (including blood chemistry), nineteen patients enrolled in the 4-week-long double-blind study were randomly assigned into two groups: a resveratrol group receiving oral 2 × 5 mg resveratrol and a control group receiving placebo. Before and after the second and fourth weeks of the trial, insulin resistance/sensitivity, creatinine-normalised ortho-tyrosine level in urine samples (as a measure of oxidative stress), incretin levels and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt):protein kinase B (Akt) ratio in platelets were assessed and statistically analysed. After the fourth week, resveratrol significantly decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance) and urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion, while it increased the pAkt:Akt ratio in platelets. On the other hand, it had no effect on parameters that relate to β-cell function (i.e. homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function). The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in humans, which might be due to a resveratrol-induced decrease in oxidative stress that leads to a more efficient insulin signalling via the Akt pathway.

scholarly journals Comparison of Metformin and Repaglinide Monotherapy in the Treatment of New Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ma ◽  
L. Y. Liu ◽  
P. H. Wu ◽  
Y. Liao ◽  
T. Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
New Onset

Objective. This study was designed to compare the effects of metformin and repaglinide on the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in China.Methods. A total of 107 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (46 women and 61 men) participated in the study. All patients received 3-month treatment of metformin or repaglinide. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were determined at baseline and at the end of the 3-month of treatment.Results. FPG and HbA1c decreased in both metformin and repaglinide groups after 3 months treatment (P<0.01). The reduction of HbA1c was significantly greater in the repaglinide group(P<0.01). Metformin decreases fasting insulin concentration and HOMA-IR(P<0.01), and repaglinide improves HOMA-β  (P<0.01). Triglycerides (TG) were reduced in both groups(P<0.01in metformin group;P<0.05in repaglinide group), but total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were decreased only after metformin treatment(P<0.05).Conclusions. Both repaglinide and metformin were effective in glycaemic control in new onset patients with type 2 diabetes in China. Repaglinide had no effect on insulin sensitivity, but it improvedβ-cell function.

scholarly journals Leucocyte Telomere Shortening in relation to Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhelong Liu ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Jiangtao Yan ◽  
Yuping Wang ◽  
Yongsheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The goal of this study is to investigate the association between oxidative stress and telomere length shortening in the comorbid depression and diabetes. Therefore, 71 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 52 subjects with normal glycemic level (control, Ctrl) were enrolled. Depressive status was identified with the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Leukocyte telomere length ratio (T/S ratio) was determined with quantitative PCR. Oxidative stress status was evaluated with 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay kit. Some other biochemical blood testing was also performed. The data showed that T2D patients had higher proportion of depression evaluated by the HADS-D (x2=4.196,P=0.041). T/S ratio was significantly negatively correlated with 8-OHdG, HADS-D, age, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA-IR. In addition, HADS-D was significantly positively correlated with HbA1c, FPG, HOMA-IR, and 8-OHdG. Both HADS-D and 8-OHdG were the major independent predictors for T/S ratio. This study indicates that oxidative stress contributes to both telomere length shortening and depression development in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, while in depression status, some other mechanisms besides oxidative stress may also affect the telomere length.

scholarly journals The transient effect of strict glycaemic control on B cell function in newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients

Diabetologia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Madsbad ◽  
T. Krarup ◽  
O. K. Faber ◽  
C. Binder ◽  
L. Regeur
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
B Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Activated T-lymphocytes in newly diagnosed type I diabetic patients: Relationship to residual beta cell function

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
Jaume Binimelis ◽  
Mercedes Codina ◽  
Josep Oriola ◽  
Begoña Amill ◽  
Antonio Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Activated T Lymphocytes

scholarly journals The Effect of Early Insulin Therapy on Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Long-Term Glycemic Control in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Chon ◽  
Seungjoon Oh ◽  
Sung Woon Kim ◽  
Jin-Woo Kim ◽  
Young Seol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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