Surface runoff and soil erosion under eucalyptus and oak canopy

Abstract. Hydrological modeling of ungauged basins which have a high risk of natural hazards (e.g., flooding, droughts) is always imperative for policymakers and stakeholders. The Aluoi district in Hue province is a representative case study in Central Vietnam, as it is under extreme pressure of natural and anthropogenic factors. Flooding, soil erosion and sedimentation are the main hazards in this area, which threaten socio-economic activities not only in this district but also those of the area downstream. To evaluate the water resources and risk of natural hazards, we used Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) to set up a hydrological model in the ungauged basin of Aluoi district. A regionalization approach was used to predict the river discharge at the outlet of the basin. The model was calibrated in three time scales: daily, monthly and yearly by river discharge, actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and crop yield, respectively. The model was calibrated with Nash-Sutcliff and an R2 coefficients greater than 0.7, in daily and monthly scales, respectively. In the yearly scale, the crop yield inside the model was calibrated and validated with RMSE less than 2.4 ton/ha, which showed the high performance of the model. The water resource components were mapped temporally and spatially. The outcomes showed that the highest mean monthly surface runoff, 700 to 765 mm, between September and November, resulted in extreme soil erosion and sedimentation. The monthly average of actual evapotranspiration was the highest in May and lowest in December. Furthermore, installing "Best Management Practice" (BMPs) reduced surface runoff and soil erosion in agricultural lands. However, using event-based hydrological and hydraulically models in the prediction and simulation of flooding events is recommended in further studies.

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Impact of Coir Geotextiles to Reduce Soil Erosion and Surface Runoff

Advances in Civil Engineering Materials - Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1007/978-981-33-6560-5_10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Muhammad Talha Zeshan ◽

Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa ◽

Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Surface Runoff

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Assessment of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in the Loess Hilly Region Using a Coupled Rainfall-Runoff-Erosion Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12030934 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 934 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mengfan Cai ◽

Chunjiang An ◽

Christophe Guy ◽

Chen Lu

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Rainfall Erosivity ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Emission Scenarios ◽

Soil And Water Loss ◽

Hilly Region ◽

Soil And Water

Soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) are widely used to control soil and water loss. Quantifying the effect of SWCPs and climate change on soil and water erosion is important for regional environmental management. In this study, the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) and the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) were employed to investigate the patterns of surface runoff and soil erosion with different SWCPs in the hilly region on the Loess Plateau of China. The impact of climate change under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios was considered from 2020 to 2050. Surface runoff grew with the increased rainfall and rainfall erosivity, while soil erosion presented large variations between years due to uneven distribution of rainfall and rainfall erosivity under two scenarios. Different SWCPs significantly reduced surface soil and water loss. Compared with bare slopes, the reduction rates were 15–40% for surface runoff and 35–67% for soil erosion under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios, respectively. The combination of shrub and horizontal terracing was recommended due to its low water cost for sediment control among seven SWCPs.

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Investigating rainfall duration effects on transport of chemicals from soil to surface runoff on a loess slope under artificial rainfall conditions

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/98/2018-swr ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 183-194

Author(s):

Yali Zhang ◽

Xiaoyang Li ◽

Xingchang Zhang ◽

Huaien Li

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Power Function ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Concentration Curve ◽

Desorption Kinetics ◽

Concentration Change ◽

Rainfall Duration ◽

Loess Slope ◽

Artificial Rainfall ◽

Sheet Erosion

The release and transport of soil chemicals in water erosion conditions are important for the local environment, soil and water resources conservation. According to the artificial rainfall experiments with a constant rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h and different rainfall duration (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min), the traits of soil PO43–, K+, and Br– release and transport from soil to surface runoff on the loess slope were analysed, and a model describing the chemical concentration change in surface runoff under soil erosion conditions was developed. The runoff coefficient quickly increased in 15 min or so, and then it was stable in the range of 0.60–0.85. The sediment intensity decreased in 30 min and soon increased after severe sheet erosion occurred on the slope. The concentration curve of Br– in surface runoff can be divided into two stages, quickly decreasing in the initial 30 min after the surface runoff occurred, and then stable. The concentration curve of PO43– and K+ in surface runoff can be divided into three stages, quickly decreasing like Br– was decreasing, then stable, and increasing after severe sheet erosion began. Compared with the exponential function, the power function was found more suitable for fitting the change in chemicals in runoff with unsaturated soil; while neither of them could well fit the PO43– and K+ concentration change after severe erosion occurred. The transport of chemicals under complex soil erosion conditions seems to be a dynamic release process between surface runoff and sediment. Based on the convection-dispersion mechanism and desorption kinetics, the polynomial model under soil erosion conditions was created. For adsorbed PO43– and K+, it is more suitable to simulate that process than the power function, while it is not so good for mobile Br–.

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Karst bare slope soil erosion and soil quality: a simulation case study

Solid Earth ◽

10.5194/se-6-985-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 985-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Q. Dai ◽

Z. Liu ◽

H. Shao ◽

Z. Yang

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Soil Infiltration ◽

Seepage Rate ◽

Rainfall Duration ◽

Sediment Production ◽

Correlation Degree ◽

Slope Runoff

Abstract. The influence on soil erosion by different bedrock bareness ratios, different rainfall intensities, different underground pore fissure degrees and rainfall duration are researched through manual simulation of microrelief characteristics of karst bare slopes and underground karst crack construction in combination with artificial simulation of rainfall experiment. The results show that firstly, when the rainfall intensity is small (30 and 50 mm h−1), no bottom load loss is produced on the surface, and surface runoff, underground runoff and sediment production are increased with the increasing of rainfall intensity. Secondly, surface runoff and sediment production reduced with increased underground pore fissure degree, while underground runoff and sediment production increased. Thirdly, raindrops hit the surface, forming a crust with rainfall duration. The formation of crusts increases surface runoff erosion and reduces soil infiltration rate. This formation also increases surface-runoff-erosion-damaged crust and increased soil seepage rate. Raindrops continued to hit the surface, leading the formation of crust. Soil permeability showed volatility which was from reduction to increases, reduction, and so on. Surface and subsurface runoff were volatile with rainfall duration. Fourthly, when rock bareness ratio is 50 % and rainfall intensities are 30 and 50 mm h−1, runoff is not produced on the surface, and the slope runoff and sediment production present a fluctuating change with increased rock bareness ratio. Fifthly, the correlation degree between the slope runoff and sediment production and all factors are as follows: rainfall intensity-rainfall duration-underground pore fissure degree–bedrock bareness ratio.

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Soil erosion and surface runoff under strip tillage for sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Central Europe

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2016.04.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 162 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Daniel Laufer ◽

Bernhard Loibl ◽

Bernward Märländer ◽

Heinz-Josef Koch

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Central Europe ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Strip Tillage

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Soil erosion in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2013.291 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 212-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yuhai Bao ◽

Qiang Tang ◽

Xiubin He ◽

Yunhua Hu ◽

Xinbao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Water Wave ◽

Three Gorges Reservoir ◽

Riparian Zone ◽

Water Levels ◽

Three Gorges ◽

The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽

The Three Gorges ◽

Wave Erosion

The riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has experienced substantial erosion that may severely deteriorate the reservoir ecosystem. To calculate soil erosion characteristics, field investigations have been conducted in the TGR area and 12 erosion-monitoring transects have been set in the middle TGR. The results showed that the dominating drive forces are water wave, gravity and surface runoff. In summer when the reservoir ran at lower water levels, wave erosion led to bank instability and bank collapses. Simultaneously, due to a number of heavy storms, surface runoff erosion was also severe. In other seasons when the reservoir ran at relative higher levels reaching the highest level in winter, water wave prevailed due to the wide range of water surface and heavy waterway transportation. Soil erosion was the most severe in the mainstream where higher frequency and intensity of waves occurred. The rates of wave erosion were around 37 mm/year with the highest being 53 mm/year, and surface runoff erosion was up to 15 mm/year in the main stream riparian zone.

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Impact of Rainforest Conversion on Surface Runoff and Soil Erosion in Nopu Upper Catchment of Central Sulawesi

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2008.v13i1.59-65 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yayat Hidayat ◽

Naik Sinukaban ◽

Hidayat Pawitan ◽

Suria Darma Tarigan

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Young Age ◽

Stream Line ◽

Land Uses ◽

Agricultural Lands ◽

Soil And Water Loss ◽

Central Sulawesi

Rainforest conversion into agricultural lands in Nopu Upper Catchment such as cocoa plantations, maizes, cassava, peanuts, and scrub and bush were significantly increase soil erosions and surface runoffs, which in turn will decrease crops productivity and hydrologic functions of watershed. Soil erosion from maize and peanut rotation plots are higher 2.061,8% than soil erosions from natural forest plots. Soil erosions are higher also in intercroping young age cocoa, maize and cassava plots and maize plots respectively 2.023,8% and 2.012,3%. Where as surface runoffs were increase up to 650,9% in medium age cocoa plots, 380,4% in intercroping young age cacao and cassava plots, and 347,1% in scrub and bush plots. The result of ANSWERS model simulation using daily C factors were indicate that rainforest conversion into agricultural lands in Nopu Upper Catchment causing soil and water loss respectively 3.190,5 ton/year and 115.441 m3/year. Application of agroforestry systems in agricultural lands which in line with reforestation in stream line area of Nopu river and steepy agricultural lands (slope > 40%) are effectively reduce soil erosions up to 77,6% compare to soil erosion from existing land uses.

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Modelling surface runoff and soil erosion for Yen Bai Province, Vietnam, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

Journal of Vietnamese Environment ◽

10.13141/jve.vol8.no1.pp71-79 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 71-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hong Quang Nguyen ◽

Thi Thu Hang Le ◽

Thi Thanh Nga Pham ◽

Martin Kappas

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Land Covers ◽

Annual Water ◽

The Tropics ◽

Water Assessment ◽

Soil And Water

Applications of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are common. However, few attempts have focused on the tropics like in the Yen Bai province, Vietnam. Annual water-induced soil erosion (WSE) rates and surface runoff (SR) were estimated. The Nam Kim and Ngoi Hut watersheds were calibrated with accepted agreement between simulated and observed discharge. Correlations between precipitation, land covers, surface runoff and WSE were indicated. Although the estimated average WSE 4.1 t ha−1 year−1 (t ha−1 y−1) was moderate, some steep-bare areas were suffering serious soil loss of 26 t ha−1 y−1 and 15% of the province was calculated at the rate of 8.5 t ha−1 y−1. We found that the changes in WSE significantly correlated with land use changes. As calibrated SR matched closely with the measured data, we recommend SWAT applications for long-term soil erosion assessments in the tropics. Những ứng dụng của mô hình công cụ đánh giá đất và nước (SWAT) đã được sử dụng phổ biến. Tuy nhiên có rất ít nghiên cứu tập trung vào khu vực nhiệt đới như tỉnh Yên Bái của Việt Nam. Trong nghiên cứu này, giá trị trung bình năm (2001-2012) nước chảy bề mặt (NCM) và xói mòn đất do nước (XM) đã được đánh giá trên cơ sở mô hình SWAT. Các thông số thủy văn của hai lưu vực sông là Nậm Kim và Ngòi Hút được tính toán và kiểm nghiệm với sự trùng hợp tương đối tốt giữa kết quả mô hình và số liệu thực đo. Mối liên hệ giữa lượng mưa, phủ bề mặt, NCM và XM cũng được phân tích và trình bầy chi tiết. Mặc dù giá trị XM năm được ước lượng ở mức trung bình cho toàn Tỉnh (4,1 tấn/ha/năm) nhưng ở một số khu vực nơi có độ dốc lớn và phủ mặt ít lại có lượng XM năm ở mức cao, 26 tấn/ha/năm và 15% tổng diện tích của Tỉnh có giá trị XM là 8,5 tấn/ha/năn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự liên hệ mật thiết giữa sự thay đổi phủ mặt tới giá trị XM. Trên cơ sở kết quả kiểm nghiệm mô hình khả quan, chúng tôi đề xuất sử dụng mô hình SWAT để đánh giá XM trong thời gian dài cho vùng nhiệt đới.

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