scholarly journals Missing climate feedbacks in fire models: limitations and uncertainties in fuel loadings and the role of decomposition in fine fuel succession

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hanan ◽  
Maureen C Kennedy ◽  
Jianning Ren ◽  
Morris C Johnson ◽  
Alistair Matthew Stuart Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Fire Models ◽  
In Fire

Cyanide compounds in fire gas toxicity and the role of hydroxycobalamin

2007 ◽  
pp. 268-270
Author(s):  
C. Fuilla ◽  
P. Ménage ◽  
M. Imbert ◽  
H. Julien ◽  
F. Baud
Keyword(s):  
In Fire

Fire modeling and information system technology

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Andrews ◽  
LLoyd P. Queen
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Modeling ◽  
System Technology ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Fire Models ◽  
Spread Model ◽  
Information System Technology ◽  
In Fire

This paper was presented at the conference ‘Integrating spatial technologies and ecological principles for a new age in fire management’, Boise, Idaho, USA, June 1999 Fire modeling and information system technology play an important supporting role in fuel and fire management. Modeling is used to examine alternative fuel treatment options, project potential ecosystem changes, and assess risk to life and property. Models are also used to develop fire prescriptions, conduct prescribed fire operations, and predict fire behavior. Fire models and information systems have greatly influenced fuel assessment methods. As an example, we examine the evolution of technology used to put Rothermel’s fire spread model into application. A review of fire and fuel modeling terminology is given, and the relationship between fire models and fuel models is explained. We review current fire modeling work and the influence that it will have on fuel characterization. Finally, we discuss opportunities and challenges involved in the use of advanced computers, the Internet, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and remote sensing in fire and fuel management.

Seed and Seedling Biology of the Woody-fruited Proteaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K. Groom ◽  
Byron B. Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Great Scope

Within the Proteaceae, 353 species confined to 7 genera in the Grevilleoideae have woody fruits. The majority (> 70%) occur in fire-prone vegetation on nutrient-poor, summer-dry soils of south-western Australia. These species are characterised by large, winged seeds contained within serotinous follicles. Seed release is mediated by desiccation of the follicle walls resulting from fruit death, although wet–dry cycles are required in some genera. After release, germination must take place by the next wet season, as the seeds are not long-lived. Seeds are particularly high in protein (40–60%), P (1–2%) and Fe (10–60‰) compared with other Proteaceae. Seeds are favoured food for pre- and post-dispersal granivores (insects, birds, rodents) and young seedlings are favoured by herbivores (insects, marsupials), with the more serotinous fruits providing extra protection for their seeds. Successful establishment is facilitated by the protective and water retentive role of the testa during germination, and the remobilisation of N and P from the cotyledons to the seedling within 10 weeks of emergence. Drought stress reduces seedling establishment in otherwise favourable postfire microsites and prevents it (assisted by herbivores) in mature vegetation. Typically, < 10% of seeds released after fire become seedlings, and < 50% of these survive the first summer. Among fire-killed species, species that produce few seeds are more likely to have drought-resistant seedlings, often associated with larger seeds and/or needle-shaped leaves. Species that resprout after fire produce a few large viable seeds per plant, whereas fire-killed species produce many smaller seeds. Of all the Proteaceae, the ecology of woody-fruited species is best known, providing great scope for comparative biology studies.

scholarly journals In and out of glacial extremes by way of dust−climate feedbacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 2026-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Shaffer ◽  
Fabrice Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Climate Cycles ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature ◽  
Ocean Sediment ◽  
Dust Effects ◽  
Ocean Biota

Mineral dust aerosols cool Earth directly by scattering incoming solar radiation and indirectly by affecting clouds and biogeochemical cycles. Recent Earth history has featured quasi-100,000-y, glacial−interglacial climate cycles with lower/higher temperatures and greenhouse gas concentrations during glacials/interglacials. Global average, glacial maxima dust levels were more than 3 times higher than during interglacials, thereby contributing to glacial cooling. However, the timing, strength, and overall role of dust−climate feedbacks over these cycles remain unclear. Here we use dust deposition data and temperature reconstructions from ice sheet, ocean sediment, and land archives to construct dust−climate relationships. Although absolute dust deposition rates vary greatly among these archives, they all exhibit striking, nonlinear increases toward coldest glacial conditions. From these relationships and reconstructed temperature time series, we diagnose glacial−interglacial time series of dust radiative forcing and iron fertilization of ocean biota, and use these time series to force Earth system model simulations. The results of these simulations show that dust−climate feedbacks, perhaps set off by orbital forcing, push the system in and out of extreme cold conditions such as glacial maxima. Without these dust effects, glacial temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentrations would have been much more stable at higher, intermediate glacial levels. The structure of residual anomalies over the glacial−interglacial climate cycles after subtraction of dust effects provides constraints for the strength and timing of other processes governing these cycles.

scholarly journals On the Role of Dust‐Climate Feedbacks During the Mid‐Holocene

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1612-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O. Hopcroft ◽  
Paul J. Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Feedbacks

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Fire Resistance Test as a Tool to Design Lightweight Marine Fire Doors: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Kyaw Oo D’Amore ◽  
Alberto Marinò ◽  
Jan Kašpar
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Fire Resistance Test ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
In Fire

Finite element analysis (FEA) is employed to simulate the thermo-resistance of a marine fire-proof door in the fire-resistance test defined by the International Code for the Application of Fire Test Procedures (2010 FTP Code) and required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for marine applications. The appropriate type of simulation adopted (i.e., steady or unsteady) is discriminated on the basis of a comparison between the numerical results and the experimental data. This appropriate model is used to evaluate the critical parameters affecting fire-proof door performance. A remarkable role of the thermal bridge at the door edges in fire resistance is assessed, along with the parameters that allow its reduction. These findings provide insight into how to design a thinner and lighter fire door.

Users' needs in fire models

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Robert S. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Fire Models ◽  
In Fire
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