Although increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the importance of physiological ROS has also been emerging. We have previously demonstrated that endothelium-derived H2O2 is an endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factor and that loss of endothelial caveolin-1 reduces EDH/H2O2 in the microcirculation. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a scaffolding/regulatory protein that interacts with diverse signaling pathways, including angiogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether endothelial Cav-1 plays a role in ischemic angiogenesis by modulating EDH/H2O2. In the present study, we thus addressed this issue in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia using male endothelium-specific Cav-1 (eCav-1) knockout (KO) mice. In isometric tension experiments with femoral arteries from eCav-1-KO mice, reduced EDH-mediated relaxations to acetylcholine and desensitization of sodium nitroprusside-mediated endothelium-independent relaxations were noted ( n = 4~6). An ex vivo aortic ring assay also showed that the extent of microvessel sprouting was significantly reduced in eCav-1-KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates ( n = 12 each). Blood flow recovery at 4 wk assessed with a laser speckle flowmeter after femoral artery ligation was significantly impaired in eCav-1-KO mice compared with WT littermates ( n = 10 each) and was associated with reduced capillary density and muscle fibrosis in the legs ( n = 6 each). Importantly, posttranslational protein modifications by reactive nitrogen species and ROS, as evaluated by thiol glutathione adducts and nitrotyrosine, respectively, were both increased in eCav-1-KO mice ( n = 6~7 each). These results indicate that endothelial Cav-1 plays an important role in EDH-mediated vasodilatation and ischemic angiogenesis through posttranslational protein modifications by nitrooxidative stress in mice in vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the importance of physiological ROS has also been emerging. The present study provides a line of novel evidence that endothelial caveolin-1 plays important roles in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and ischemic angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia in mice through posttranslational protein modifications by reactive nitrogen species and ROS in mice in vivo.
Important roles of endothelial caveolin-1 in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and ischemic angiogenesis in mice
