scholarly journals Analysis of neurodevelopmental outcomes of preadolescents born with extremely low weight revealed impairments in multiple developmental domains despite absence of cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viena Tommiska ◽  
Aulikki Lano ◽  
Päivi Kleemola ◽  
Liisa Klenberg ◽  
Liisa Lehtonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Developmental Domains

Abstract 13400: Patients Less Than or Equal to 2.5kg Have Higher Morbidity and Mortality After Norwood-sano Palliation

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Averin ◽  
Lindsay Ryerson ◽  
Morteza Hajihosseini ◽  
Irina A Dinu ◽  
Darren H Freed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Norwood Operation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Motor Outcomes ◽  
Cardiac Diagnosis

Introduction: In patients with single ventricle heart disease, prematurity and low weight at the Norwood operation are risk factors for mortality. Reports assessing peri-operative and long-term outcomes of Norwood palliation in patients ≤ 2.5kg are limited. Methods: All patients who underwent Norwood-Sano procedure between 2005-2020 were identified. Patients ≤ 2.5kg at the time of the Norwood operation (cases) were matched 1:3 with patients ≥ 3.0 kg (comparisons) for year of surgery and cardiac diagnosis. Demographic and peri-operative characteristics, survival to hospital discharge and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcomes were compared. Results: Twenty-seven cases (mean±SD weight 2.2±0.3 kg, mean age 15.6±14.1 days at surgery) and 81 comparisons (mean weight 3.5±0.4 kg, mean age 10.9±7.9 days at surgery) were identified. There was no statistically significant difference in the presence of chromosomal abnormalities (7.4% vs. 12.3%, p=0.485), prenatal diagnosis made (88.9% vs. 75.3%, p=0.141), or duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (140.7±65.6 vs. 121.3±42.3 min, p=0.068) between cases and comparisons, respectively. Cases had a longer time to post-operative lactate < 2 mmol/L (33.1±27.5 vs. 17.9±12.2 hours, p<0.001), longer duration of ventilation (30.5±24.5 vs. 18.6±17.5 days, p=0.005), higher need for dialysis (48.1% vs. 19.8%, p=0.007) and greater need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (29.6% vs. 12.3%, p=0.004). Cases also had significantly higher in-hospital (25.9% vs. 1.2%, p<0.001) and 2-year (59.2% vs. 11.1%, p<0.001) mortality. The 2-year Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, III, was completed on all living cases (n=11) and most comparisons (n=63; 1 refusal and 8 too young); delay, a score of < 70, showed the following differences between cases vs. comparisons for cognitive (86.9 vs. 91, p=0.363), language (84.9 vs. 88.2, p=0.494) and motor (73.6 vs. 87.3, p=0.013). Conclusions: Patients ≤ 2.5kg at the time of Norwood-Sano have significantly higher post-operative morbidity and mortality up to 2-year follow-up, and worse 2-year neurodevelopmental motor outcomes. Additional studies are warranted to assess the outcome of alternative therapeutic options in this patient population.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental Assessment in Preterm Neonates at Early Ages: Screening of at-risk Infants for Long Term Sequlae

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Mirza Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
M Monir Hossain ◽  
Sheikh Anisul Haque ◽  
Naila Zaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Developmental Domains

Background: Preterm infants are at risk for long term neurodevelopmental impairements. Neurodevelopmental assessment at early months of infancy has been proposed as a valuable tool for prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population.Objective: The present study attempted to find the neurodevelopmental impairments in preterm infants and thus to identify the at risk infants for follow up and subsequent therapeutic intervention.Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from October 2011 to March, 2012. A total 103 preterm neonates who met the inclusion criteria underwent rapid neurodevelopmental assessment (RNDA) at neonatal period and again at their 3 months of age to find the at risk infants for long term neurodevelopmental impairments.Results: Among the enrolled 103 preterm infants during RNDA at neonatal period, abnormal domains found in primitive reflexes 41(39.7%), gross motor 42(40.7%), fine motor 32(31%), vision 40(38.7%), hearing 32 (31%), speech 40(38.7%), cognition 3(2.8%), behavior 3 (2.8%) and 3(2.8%) had seizure. Again in RNDA at 3 months of age, the no. of preterm infants having abnormal developmental domains are: gross motor 49(47.5%), fine motor 19(18.3), vision 9(8.6%), hearing 16(15.4%), speech 15 (14.5%), cognition 6(5.7%), speech 15 (14.5%), cognition 6(5.7%), behavior 11(10.6%) and 3 (2.9%) had seizure.Conclusion: The identification of neurodevelopmental impairments in early months of preterm infants should offer a valuable complement to tools for identification of at risk infants for long term sequlae (in neurodevelopmental impairment).Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (1) :5-11

scholarly journals Prenatal Metal Exposures and Infants’ Developmental Outcomes in a Navajo Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Sara S. Nozadi ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Debra MacKenzie ◽  
Esther Erdei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
Developmental Domains

Early-life exposure to environmental toxicants can have detrimental effects on children’s neurodevelopment. In the current study, we employed a causal modeling framework to examine the direct effect of specific maternal prenatal exposures on infants’ neurodevelopment in the context of co-occurring metals. Maternal metal exposure and select micronutrients’ concentrations were assessed using samples collected at the time of delivery from mothers living across Navajo Nation with community exposure to metal mixtures originating from abandoned uranium mines. Infants’ development across five domains was measured at ages 10 to 13 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Inventory (ASQ:I), an early developmental screener. After adjusting for effects of other confounding metals and demographic variables, prenatal exposure to lead, arsenic, antimony, barium, copper, and molybdenum predicted deficits in at least one of the ASQ:I domain scores. Strontium, tungsten, and thallium were positively associated with several aspects of infants’ development. Mothers with lower socioeconomic status (SES) had higher lead, cesium, and thallium exposures compared to mothers from high SES backgrounds. These mothers also had infants with lower scores across various developmental domains. The current study has many strengths including its focus on neurodevelopmental outcomes during infancy, an understudied developmental period, and the use of a novel analytical method to control for the effects of co-occurring metals while examining the effect of each metal on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Yet, future examination of how the effects of prenatal exposure on neurodevelopmental outcomes unfold over time while considering all potential interactions among metals and micronutrients is warranted.

Freeze fracture imaging and computer simulation of liposome structure: Membrane geometry and defects

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Closed Surfaces ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Concentric Spheres ◽  
Membrane Geometry ◽  
Dupin Cyclides ◽  
Limiting Case

At low weight fractions, many surfactant and biological amphiphiles form dispersions of lamellar liquid crystalline liposomes in water. Amphiphile molecules tend to align themselves in parallel bilayers which are free to bend. Bilayers must form closed surfaces to separate hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains completely. Continuum theory of liquid crystals requires that the constant spacing of bilayer surfaces be maintained except at singularities of no more than line extent. Maxwell demonstrated that only two types of closed surfaces can satisfy this constraint: concentric spheres and Dupin cyclides. Dupin cyclides (Figure 1) are parallel closed surfaces which have a conjugate ellipse (r1) and hyperbola (r2) as singularities in the bilayer spacing. Any straight line drawn from a point on the ellipse to a point on the hyperbola is normal to every surface it intersects (broken lines in Figure 1). A simple example, and limiting case, is a family of concentric tori (Figure 1b).To distinguish between the allowable arrangements, freeze fracture TEM micrographs of representative biological (L-α phosphotidylcholine: L-α PC) and surfactant (sodium heptylnonyl benzenesulfonate: SHBS)liposomes are compared to mathematically derived sections of Dupin cyclides and concentric spheres.

“Subcortical” cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH LERITZ ◽  
JASON BRANDT ◽  
MELISSA MINOR ◽  
FRANCES REIS-JENSEN ◽  
MICHELLE PETRI
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus

Characteristics of the Frequency-Following Response to Speech in Neonates and Potential Applicability in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1618-1635
Author(s):  
Céline Richard ◽  
Mary Lauren Neel ◽  
Arnaud Jeanvoine ◽  
Sharon Mc Connell ◽  
Alison Gehred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Clinical Potential

Purpose We sought to critically analyze and evaluate published evidence regarding feasibility and clinical potential for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes of the frequency-following responses (FFRs) to speech recordings in neonates (birth to 28 days). Method A systematic search of MeSH terms in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied HealthLiterature, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline (R) and E-Pub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Web of Science, SCOPUS, COCHRANE Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Manual review of all items identified in the search was performed by two independent reviewers. Articles were evaluated based on the level of methodological quality and evidence according to the RTI item bank. Results Seven articles met inclusion criteria. None of the included studies reported neurodevelopmental outcomes past 3 months of age. Quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Protocol variations were frequent. Conclusions Based on this systematic review, the FFR to speech can capture both temporal and spectral acoustic features in neonates. It can accurately be recorded in a fast and easy manner at the infant's bedside. However, at this time, further studies are needed to identify and validate which FFR features could be incorporated as an addition to standard evaluation of infant sound processing evaluation in subcortico-cortical networks. This review identifies the need for further research focused on identifying specific features of the neonatal FFRs, those with predictive value for early childhood outcomes to help guide targeted early speech and hearing interventions.

Toward Identifying Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hispanic and African American Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Valarie B. Fleming ◽  
Joyce L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Education Management ◽  
African American Adults

Across the breadth of acquired neurogenic communication disorders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may go undetected, underreported, and untreated. In addition to stigma and distrust of healthcare systems, other barriers contribute to decreased identification, healthcare access, and service utilization for Hispanic and African American adults with MCI. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have significant roles in prevention, education, management, and support of older adults, the population must susceptible to MCI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document