Sex differences in estimation of time intervals and in reaction time are removed by moderate but not high doses of caffeine in coffee

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Botella ◽  
Francisco Bosch ◽  
Francisco J. Romero ◽  
Andr�s Parra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Estimation Of Time

Duration of Time in Time-Related Words

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-781
Author(s):  
Martin S. Lindauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Past

275 time-related words, considered a source for the cognitive investigation of time perspective, were assigned to 10 time intervals ranging from seconds to millennia by 32 Ss equally divided by sex. Differences were found in the duration of time connoted by the verbal materials, with reference to the frequency with which the 10 time intervals were used, as well as the time spans associated with the past, present, and future. No sex difference was noted.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Recovery Curve for Clinically Assessed Reaction Time After Concussion

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Del Rossi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Clinical Measures

Context:  A change in reaction time is one of various clinical measures of neurocognitive function that can be monitored after concussion and has been reported to be among the most sensitive indicators of cognitive impairment. Objective:  To determine the timeline for clinically assessed simple reaction time to return to baseline after a concussion in high school athletes. Design:  Observational study. Setting:  Athletic training room. Patients or Other Participants:  Twenty-one high school-aged volunteers. Intervention(s):  Participants completed 8 trials of the ruler-drop test during each session. Along with baseline measures, a total of 6 additional test sessions were completed over the course of 4 weeks after a concussion (days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28). Main Outcome Measure(s):  The mean reaction times calculated for all participants from each of the 7 test sessions were analyzed to assess the change in reaction time over the 7 time intervals. Results:  After a concussion and compared with baseline, simple reaction time was, on average, 26 milliseconds slower at 48 to 72 hours postinjury (P < .001), almost 18 milliseconds slower on day 7 (P < .001), and about 9 milliseconds slower on day 10 (P < .001). Simple reaction time did not return to baseline levels until day 14 postinjury. Conclusions:  Clinically assessed simple reaction time appeared to return to baseline levels within a timeframe that mirrors other measures of cognitive performance (approximately 14 days).

scholarly journals The Neural Correlates of Time: A Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1796-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Nani ◽  
Jordi Manuello ◽  
Donato Liloia ◽  
Sergio Duca ◽  
Tommaso Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Estimation Of Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

During the last two decades, our inner sense of time has been repeatedly studied with the help of neuroimaging techniques. These investigations have suggested the specific involvement of different brain areas in temporal processing. At least two distinct neural systems are likely to play a role in measuring time: One is mainly constituted of subcortical structures and is supposed to be more related to the estimation of time intervals below the 1-sec range (subsecond timing tasks), and the other is mainly constituted of cortical areas and is supposed to be more related to the estimation of time intervals above the 1-sec range (suprasecond timing tasks). Tasks can then be performed in motor or nonmotor (perceptual) conditions, thus providing four different categories of time processing. Our meta-analytical investigation partly confirms the findings of previous meta-analytical works. Both sub- and suprasecond tasks recruit cortical and subcortical areas, but subcortical areas are more intensely activated in subsecond tasks than in suprasecond tasks, which instead receive more contributions from cortical activations. All the conditions, however, show strong activations in the SMA, whose rostral and caudal parts have an important role not only in the discrimination of different time intervals but also in relation to the nature of the task conditions. This area, along with the striatum (especially the putamen) and the claustrum, is supposed to be an essential node in the different networks engaged when the brain creates our sense of time.

No Sex Differences in Contrast Sensitivity and Reaction Time to Spatial Frequency

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1053-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Solberg ◽  
James M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Frequency Information ◽  
Frequency Processing

This study investigated the possibility of sex differences in spatial frequency processing by measuring contrast sensitivity and reaction time to spatial frequency in the same 20 men and 20 women. This is the first study to investigate sex differences in reaction time to spatial frequency and the first to study sex differences in contrast sensitivity and reaction time within the same participants. No sex differences were found in either contrast sensitivity or reaction time measures, suggesting that women and men process spatial frequency information similarly.

Corrigendum - Comparative breed studies of beef cattle. II. Changes in size and shape

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
NM Tulloh ◽  
JS Maritz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Experimental Group

A comparative growth study of changes in shape was made of Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, and beef Shorthorn cattle. In addition to recording body weight, 10 surface body measurements were made, at regular time intervals, on every animal in the experimental group. Changes and differences in shape were studied by examining the functional forms of the relationships between surface body measurements and body weight for every animal. The breed and sex differences presented in this paper have also been composed with a re-analysis of the limited data available from the literature, and in general the results are similar.

Adaptive Estimation of Time-Varying Parameters in Linearly Parametrized Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongliang Zhu ◽  
Prabhakar R. Pagilla
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
Parameter Estimate ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Varying Parameters ◽  
Time Varying Parameter ◽  
Time Varying Parameters ◽  
Parametrized Systems ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Estimation Of Time

Adaptive estimation of time-varying parameters in linearly parametrized systems is considered. The estimation time is divided into small intervals; in each interval the time-varying parameter is approximated by a time polynomial with unknown coefficients. A condition for resetting of the parameter estimate at the beginning of each interval is derived; the condition guarantees that the estimate of the time-varying parameter is continuous and also allows for the coefficients of the polynomial to be different in various time intervals. A modified version of the least-squares algorithm is provided to estimate the time-varying parameters. Stability of the proposed algorithm is shown and discussed. Simulation results on an example are given to validate the proposed method.

scholarly journals Sex differences in performance and associated cardiac activity during a reaction time task

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. H. Coles ◽  
Stephen W. Porges ◽  
Connie C. Duncan-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Time Task
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