Epigenetic salt accumulation and water movement in the active layer of central Yakutia in eastern Siberia

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Larry Lopez ◽  
A. Brouchkov ◽  
H. Nakayama ◽  
F. Takakai ◽  
A. N. Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Central Yakutia

scholarly journals Effects of freezing on soil temperature, freezing front propagation and moisture redistribution in peat: laboratory investigations

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Nagare ◽  
R. A. Schincariol ◽  
W. L. Quinton ◽  
M. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Freezing Front ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost

Abstract. There are not many studies that report water movement in freezing peat. Soil column studies under controlled laboratory settings can help isolate and understand the effects of different factors controlling freezing of the active layer in organic covered permafrost terrain. In this study, four peat Mesocosms were subjected to temperature gradients by bringing the Mesocosm tops in contact with sub-zero air temperature while maintaining a continuously frozen layer at the bottom (proxy permafrost). Soil water movement towards the freezing front (from warmer to colder regions) was inferred from soil freezing curves, liquid water content time series and from the total water content of frozen core samples collected at the end of freezing cycle. A substantial amount of water, enough to raise the upper surface of frozen saturated soil within 15 cm of the soil surface at the end of freezing period appeared to have moved upwards during freezing. Diffusion under moisture gradients and effects of temperature on soil matric potential, at least in the initial period, appear to drive such movement as seen from analysis of freezing curves. Freezing front (separation front between soil zones containing and free of ice) propagation is controlled by latent heat for a long time during freezing. A simple conceptual model describing freezing of an organic active layer initially resembling a variable moisture landscape is proposed based upon the results of this study. The results of this study will help in understanding, and ultimately forecasting, the hydrologic response of wetland-dominated terrain underlain by discontinuous permafrost.

Evolution of the thermal state of permafrost under climate warming in Central Yakutia

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1401-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan P Varlamov ◽  
Yuri B Skachkov ◽  
Pavel N Skryabin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Exchange Layer ◽  
Central Yakutia

The relevance of the problem under review is explained by the need to study the thermal response of permafrost to the modern climate change. Evolution of the thermal state of grounds has been studied with a view to evaluate the effects of modern climate warming on permafrost in Central Yakutia. The leading method to study this problem is the arrangement and performance of long-term monitoring observations of the permafrost thermal state that enable quantitative evaluation of the thermal response of upper permafrost layers to climatic fluctuations of recent decades. The analysis of long-term records from weather stations in the region has clearly revealed one of the highest increasing trends in the mean annual air temperature in northern Russia. Quantitative relationships in the long-term variability of ground thermal parameters, such as ground temperature at the bottom of the active layer, at the bottom of the annual heat exchange layer, and active thaw depth, have been established. The thermal state dynamics of the annual heat exchange layer under climate warming indicates that both warm and cold permafrost are thermally stable. Short-term variability of the snow accumulation regime is the main factor controlling the thermal state of the ground in permafrost landscapes. The active-layer thickness is characterized by low interannual variability and exhibits little response to climate warming, with no statistically meaningful increasing or decreasing trend. The results of ground thermal monitoring can be extended to similar landscapes in the region, providing a reliable basis for predicting heat transfer in natural landscapes.

Interannual environmental-soil thawing rate variation and its control on transpiration from Larix cajanderi, Central Yakutia, Eastern Siberia

2007 ◽  
Vol 338 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Lopez C ◽  
H. Saito ◽  
Y. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Shirota ◽  
G. Iwahana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Variation ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Larix Cajanderi ◽  
Thawing Rate

Active-Layer Thickness Measurements Using a Handheld Penetrometer at Boreal and Tundra Sites in Eastern Siberia

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Iijima ◽  
Hotaek Park ◽  
Pavel Ya. Konstantinov ◽  
Grigory G. Pudov ◽  
Alexander N. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Snowmelt and the hydrological interaction of forest-grassland ecosystems in Central Yakutia, eastern Siberia

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 3074-3083 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Lopez Caceres ◽  
F. Takakai ◽  
G. Iwahana ◽  
A. N. Fedorov ◽  
Y. Iijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems

Downward water movement into frozen ground, western arctic coast, Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ross Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Ice Content

Field studies carried out mainly since 1975 in permafrost areas of Alaska, Canada, China, and the Soviet Union have been combined with the results of laboratory investigations to show that in summer water can move from the thawing active layer into the subjacent frozen active layer and under certain conditions even into the top of permafrost. Direct field evidence discussed includes: data from drilling and neutron probe logging, which show a summer increase in the ice content of already frozen ground; summer heave of heavemeters, with heave occurring in the frozen active layer; and increase in the ice content of the subjacent frozen ground in both permafrost and non-permafrost areas, caused by snowmelt infiltration. Indirect field and laboratory evidence is also added to support the direct lines of evidence. The conditions that favor the downward migration of water from thawed to frozen ground are examined in terms of thermally induced hydraulic gradients, hydraulic conductivity, content of unfrozen pore water, temperature gradients, ice content, and gravity. Some geocryologic implications of the summer growth of ice in frozen ground, including the effects on water balance calculations and the origin of patterned ground, are briefly mentioned.

Carbon cycle of permafrost transect: main terrestrial and hydrological ecosystems of Eastern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trofim Maximov ◽  
Han Dolman ◽  
Ayumi Kotani ◽  
Per Anderson ◽  
Ayaal Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Larch Forest ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Northeastern Russia ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Siberian Forests

<p>Almost 65% of Siberian forests and 23% of tundra vegetation grow in permafrost zone. According to our estimate, carbon stocks in the soils of forest and tundra ecosystems of Yakutia (Eastern Siberia, Russia) amount to 17 billion tons (125.5 million hectares of forest and 37 million hectares of tundra in total) that is about 25% of total carbon resource in the forest soils of the Russian Federation.<br>This presentation is compiled from the results of many years time series investigations conducted on the study of carbon cycle in permafrost-dominated forests with different productivity and typical tundra and along Great Lena river basin including Aldan and Viluy tributaries. <br>Seasonal photosynthesis maximum of forest canopy vegetation in dry years falls into June, and in humid ones – into July. During the growing season the woody plants of Yakutia uptake from 1.5 to 4.0 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> season<sup>-1</sup> depending on water provision. Night respiration is higher in dry and extremely dry years (10.9 and 16.1% respectively). The productive process of tree species in Eastern Siberia is limited by endogenous (stomatal conductance) and exogenous (provision with moisture and nutrients, nitrogen specifically) factors. The increase of an atmospheric precipitation after long 2-3 annual droughts accompanied with strong surge in photosynthetic activity of forest plants is almost 2.5 times. <br>The temperature of soil is a key factor influencing soil respiration in the larch forests. Average soil respiration for the growing season comes to 6.9 kg C ha<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>, which is a characteristic of Siberian forests. Annual average soil emission is 4.5±0.6 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>.<br>As our multi-year studies showed, there is significant interannual NEE variation in the Central Yakutia larch forest, while in the Southern Yakutia  larch forest and tundra ecosystem variation is more smooth, because the climatic conditions in these zones (close to the mountain and sea)  are less changeable than in sharply continental Central Yakutia. <br>According to our long-term eddy-correlation data, the annual uptake of carbon flux (NEE) in the high productivity larch forest of South eastern Yakutia, 60N – 2.43±0.23 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, in the moderate productivity larch forest of the Central Yakutia, 62N makes 2.12±0.34 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> and in the tundra zone, 70N – 0.75±0.14 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>.<br>Interannual variation of carbon fluxes in permafrost forests in Northeastern Russia (Yakutia) makes 1.7-2.4 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> that results in the upper limit of annual sequestering capacity of 450-617 Mt C yr<sup>-1</sup>. In connection with climate warming there is a tendency of an increase in the volume of carbon sequestration by tundra and as opposed to decrease by forest ecosystem in the result of prolongation of the growing season and changing of plant successions.  This is also supported by changes in land use as well as by CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration in the form of fertilizer. <br>According our biogeochemical investigation annual flux of carbon from main in Eastern Siberia Lena river hydrological basin is almost 6.2 Mt C yr<sup>-1</sup> including 28% at Aldan and 14% at Viluy rivers.</p>

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