Turnover of local government core officials, political connections and the investment and financing of private‐sector enterprises

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Yu ◽  
Abraham Y. Nahm ◽  
Zengji Song
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Investment And Financing

scholarly journals Implementing Water Policies in China: A Policy Cycle Analysis of the Sponge City Program Using Two Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Yuqing Liang ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Meine Pieter van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Water Projects ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Private Sector Involvement

This study carries out an in-depth analysis of urban water policy implementation in China through a policy cycle analysis and case study of Sponge city program. The policy cycle analysis articulates discrete steps within the policy formulation and implementation process, while the case studies reflect the specific problems in water project implementation. Because of the principal–agent relation between central and local government, a ‘‘double wheel’’ policy cycle model is adopted to reflect the policy cycles at central level and at local level. Changde city and Zhuanghe city, two demo cities in the Sponge city program, are chosen for the analysis. The policy cycle analysis shows that the central government orders local government to implement policy without clear direction on how to attract private sector participation. The evaluation of central government did not include private sector involvement, nor the sustainability of the investments. This promotes the local government’s pursuit of project construction completion objectives, without seriously considering private sector involvement and operation and maintenance (O&M) cost. The local governments do not have political motivation and experiences to attract private investments into project implementation. The case study in the two demo cities shows that local government subsidies are the main source of O&M funding currently, which is not sustainable. The water projects are not financially feasible because no sufficient revenue is generated to cover the high initial investments and O&M cost. The lack of private sector involvement makes it difficult to maintain adequate funding in O&M, leading to the unsustainability of the water projects. It is not easy to achieve private sector involvement, but it could be the key to realizing urban water resilience in a more sustainable way.

Unravelling the Conditions and Limitations Impacting the Prospect of Developing Rural Eco-Tourism in Oyo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-305
Author(s):  
Ayobami Abayomi Popoola ◽  
Babatunde Adewale Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Area Data

Many eco-tourism sites in Oyo State continue to lay in waste. Two are the focus of this chapter: Ikere Gorge Dam and the Ado-Awaye Hanging Lake in Iseyin LGA. Authors examine the condition and prospect of eco-tourism in the rural Iseyin local government area. Data was captured from a structured questionnaire administered to tourists and rural residents. A laboratory test was further carried out on the Iyake water of the hanging lake, indicating that the water is not safe for human consumption because of the lead chemical content. Findings based on inferential statistics established that the host communities perceive no remarkable dividends of tourism in the area and that people have a good impression about the prospect and development of eco-tourism. The study concluded with the need for a tourism masterplan and involvement of the private sector in tourism development in the state. The need for an improvement in complimentary infrastructures such as access roads and electricity was identified to be imperative for improved tourism sites.

Budget Adjustments in Response to Spending Variances: Evidence of Ratcheting of Local Government Expenditures

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya M. Lee ◽  
Elizabeth Plummer
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Instructional Expenditures ◽  
Local Government Expenditures ◽  
Texas School Districts

This paper examines the degree to which government administrators incorporate prior year spending variances into current year budgets. Government administrators have incentives to increase their budgets, and constraints on government spending are weaker than those found in the private sector. Therefore, we expect budget increases associated with prior year government overspending (actual exceeds budget) to be larger than decreases associated with underspending of the same amount. This differential response is called ratcheting. We examine budgets for 1,034 Texas school districts (1995 through 2002), and find budget ratcheting in operating expenditures and the subcategories of instructional and non-instructional expenditures. Ratcheting is most pronounced for non-instructional expenditures. We also find that budget ratcheting is more pronounced when controls on government spending are likely to be weaker. Specifically, budget ratcheting is more pronounced for school districts that operate in a less competitive environment and for districts that have less voter influence.

A Fundamental Study About an Activity Trend of NPO of the Seaside Chosen by a Private Sector Management System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Hirao ◽  
Takeo Kondo ◽  
Kazukiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Masato Arai ◽  
Yasuhito Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Management System ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Space Requirement ◽  
Trust System ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Juridical Person ◽  
High Institution

Conventionally, the institutions which Autonomy owns do not consider the space requirement that the institution is located in. Therefore, there was not one effective inflection that only an administration method grieved at in all institutions. In 2005, By Local Government Act revision, A management method of the institution which a Autonomy owned was changed of from “Management Trust System” to “A Private Sector Management System”. By this law revision, Regulation was relaxed, and private enterprise/NPO is able to have come to enter it. With it, each institution plays a role as every space, and it is hoped that it is inflected effectively as a high institution of specialty. In this study, I ascertain an activity trend of NPO juridical person and an element of a private sector management system choice requirement, I am aimed at arriving at means to use institutions of Autonomy functionally.

scholarly journals Harnessing Sustainable Motivation: A Grounded Theory Exploration of Public Service Motivation in Local Governments of the State of Oregon, United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Guoxian Bao ◽  
Gary L. Larsen ◽  
Muhammad Umar Draz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Public Sector Employees

Employee motivation has always been a matter of concern for both public and private sector organizations. Since the industrial revolution in the late 18th century, organizations have struggled to foster workforce motivation and morale to enhance productivity. While a plethora of literature focuses on private sector motivation research, public sector organizations receive only modest scholarly attention. However, a new concept has emerged in public management literature during the late 1980s and 1990s, later known as public service motivation (PSM). The debate about PSM is premised on the notion that the motivation of public sector employees is quite different from their private sector counterparts because of their orientation to public service. Perry and Wise (1990) expressed this concept in the theory of PSM. Subsequently, a growing stream of scholarship has emerged which explores the many aspects of antecedents and outcomes related to PSM. However, questions remain about how to best keep the motivation of public sector employees sustainably high, and about what factors embolden or enervate the motivation and morale of public sector employees. This study focuses on the sustainable work motivation of local government employees. Its arguments and discussions draw from PSM theory, total quality management (TQM) principles, and inspiration from Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines and attempts to uncover the career trajectories of local government employees in the State of Oregon, United States, through a rigorous grounded theory method (GTM) of inquiry. The study reveals a number of factors that facilitate and/or inhibit employees’ PSM. We expect the findings to be useful for both practitioners and government human resource policymakers in understanding the subtlety and vicissitudes of public sector employee careers and motivations.

Local Government Contracting with The Private Sector

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Florestano
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Government Contracting ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Near Future

A contemporary exploration of the concept of “private sector delivery of public services” is necessitated by the fiscal “facts of life” prevalent in most local jurisdictions today. Documentation of the mounting costs of local government is readily available. All informed projections suggest that because of inflation and increased labor costs, this spiralina increase will not level off in the near future.

scholarly journals Compensation for State and Local Government Workers

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maury Gittleman ◽  
Brooks Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Labor Statistics ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Government Workers ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics ◽  
Public Sector Workers

Are state and local government workers overcompensated? In this paper, we step back from the highly charged rhetoric and address this question with the two primary data sources for looking at compensation of state and local government workers: the Current Population Survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation microdata collected as part of the National Compensation Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In both data sets, the workers being hired in the public sector have higher skill levels than those in the private sector, so the challenge is to compare across sectors in a way that adjusts suitably for this difference. After controlling for skill differences and incorporating employer costs for benefits packages, we find that, on average, public sector workers in state government have compensation costs 3–10 percent greater than those for workers in the private sector, while in local government the gap is 10–19 percent. We caution that this finding is somewhat dependent on the chosen sample and specification, that averages can obscure broader differences in distributions, and that a host of worker and job attributes are not available to us in these data. Nonetheless, the data suggest that public sector workers, especially local government ones, on average, receive greater remuneration than observably similar private sector workers. Overturning this result would require, we think, strong arguments for particular model specifications, or different data.

Research on the Optimization of Operation Mode Based on Investment and Financing Platform in the Western China

2013 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 722-725
Author(s):  
Ying Sheng Su ◽  
Wei Jin Ren ◽  
Xue Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Western China ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Financing Mode ◽  
Investment And Financing ◽  
Business Design ◽  
Chain Business

The article mainly aims at the problems which including the single channel common existed in the local government investment and financing platform in western region, the poor ability of debt paying and the shortage of funds. It puts forward that in the operation mode industry chain business design should be appropriately extended, the financing mode should be expanded and implementation of debt restructuring. Meanwhile, it correspondingly gives relevantly alternative plan. At the end of improvement, there is more extension in industry chain business design with the local government investment and financing platform. It is not only as a function of government financing, but also as the function of the marketization of the modern company.

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