A Trust-Integrated RPL Protocol to Detect Blackhole Attack in Internet of Things

Internet of things (IoT) offers communication between user-to-machine and machine-to-machine. Due to their inherent characteristics of open medium, very dynamic topology, lack of infrastructure and lack of centralized management authority, IoT present serious vulnerabilities to security attacks. The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) does not have an inherent mechanism to detect routing attacks. Popular among these IoT attacks is blackhole attack. An attacker can exploit the routing system of RPL to launch blackhole attack against an IoT network. To secure IoT networks from blackhole attack, trust-integrated RPL protocol (TRPL) is proposed and implemented. The trust system is embedded in the RPL protocol to detect and isolate a blackhole attack while optimizing network performance. The trust is calculated from successful interaction between two nodes. The calculated trust value is considered in parent selection. TRPL demonstrates its superior performance over the standard RPL protocol and existing techniques in the detection and isolation of blackhole attacks.

家族信託基礎構造與遺囑信託爭議問題研究──以福祉型信託內涵為核心開展

「福祉型信託」（Welfare Trusts）為家族治理（Family Governance）、家族事業所有權（Family Property Business Ownership）、家族財產事業經營管理（Family Property Business Management）所組成之「家族信託」（Family Trust）核心，具有民事信託與商業信託之雙面性，且非僅僅為單純之財產管理制度，而係「財產管理運用、活用以及傳承」機能之最大程度展現，以完整支援信託利益享有者包括生活及財產管理全盤支援架構建立之身心照護。有鑑於此，本文以我國信託法主要繼受之日本「信託法」法制規範及其相關學理與實務發展為比較法對象，以福祉型信託為核心，對家族信託與遺囑信託進行研究。首先，家族信託制度之建置上，須考量其與消費者權益調和、裁量信託使用界線與合理分配、共益定性、第三人介入之限制、責任信託之搭配。其次，針對永續傳承、連續受益人、特留分、目的信託與特定目的信託、「閉鎖性公司＋自益信託」架構等家族信託爭議問題，提出研究對策。再者，家族信託法制尚未完整建立前，應以前述福祉型信託為核心之家族信託為基礎，對信託行為與方法解釋與修正、受益人權益確保、遺囑信託受託催告、法院選任遺囑信託受託人、遺囑信託委託人之繼承人、替代遺囑信託等議題進行解析，俾使我國遺囑信託功能確實發揮與家族信託內涵相互搭配。最後，從家族信託架構下之委託人與受託人角色與功能，提出本文之結論與建議。<br />&ldquo;Welfare trust&rdquo;is the core of a family trust composed of family governance, family property business ownership, and family property business management. It has duality of civil trust and commercial trust in that it is not only a pure property management system, but also the maximum demonstration of the function of property management application, utilization, and inheritance to support the physical and mental care of the trust beneficiaries which include the establishment of a comprehensive support structure for life and a thorough property management. In the establishment of the family trust system, this article firstly argues that it is necessary to consider the coordination with consumer rights, discretionary trust boundaries and reasonable distribution, common benefits, restrictions on third party intervention, and liability trust. Secondly, this article puts forward the research results on the controversial issues of family trust such as perpetual inheritance, continuous beneficiaries, legally reserved portion, purpose trusts and special purpose trusts, and&ldquo;closed company with self-benefit trust&rdquo;structure. Furthermore, before the establishment of a complete family trust legal structure, it is important to analyze the combination of testamentary trust and family trust, interpretation and amendment of trust behaviors and methods to ensure the rights and interests of the beneficiaries, and the appointment the trustee of the testamentary trust by the court, the successor of the settlor of the testamentary trust, and alternative testamentary trust (trust with successive beneficiaries). Finally, the article provides conclusions and suggestions from the perspective of the settlor and the trustee of trust.<br />

The Use of Trust Seals in European and Latin American Commercial Transactions

The emergence of the Internet as a commercialization method has offered organizations many opportunities. However, when buyers want to execute a transaction online, a certain distrust typically accompanies the need to provide personal data. To address this problem, assurance seals have been designed for use on websites. Different guarantee logos certify compliance with buyer protection laws and offer transparency in the commercial process. Thus, assurance seals displayed on the websites of sellers that adhere to a specific trust system allow consumers to choose among entities that have publicly committed to best business practices. We researched 130 sellers in Europe and Latin America that adhere to assurance seals in order to determine the influence of such seals. Our research shows that the use of trust seals increases Internet sales for more than 66% of these companies, improves their corporate image, enhances the number of potential buyers who visit their websites, and generally captures consumers’ attention.

The Development and Application of Charitable Trust in China

Charitable trust is a combination of charity and trust industry. The development of charitable trust started earlier in foreign countries and has been widely used. Charitable trust in China is still in its infancy, lacking legal support and a complete operation system. Problems such as unclear boundaries and imperfect tax preference system, and a complete public trust system has not yet been formed. But from a development point of view, charitable trust in China's poverty alleviation, pension and other fields have a high application value and development prospects. In this paper, the development status of charitable trust in China is summarized and considered.

The influence and countermeasures of the application of blockchain on the investment efficiency of cultural industry ——- DEA Analysis of listed companies based on blockchain concept

Block chain technology has changed the traditional digital economy, promoted the formation of a new value and trust system, and at the same time triggered the transformation of cultural industry, providing a means to improve investment efficiency. This paper takes the listed companies of cultural industry in the concept of block chain as the research sample, and uses DEA efficiency evaluation method to empirically analyze the change of cultural industry investment efficiency. The results show that: block chain technology has an impact on pure technical efficiency and also promotes profit growth. However, the development and application of block chain technology need to be more integrated with cultural industry investment to open up a new development path for the traditional information society.

Blockchain for Security of Cloud-Based Online Auction

Online auction is one of the most successful internet business models. However, auction fraud has become the highest threat and hazard to the future of this business model. The blockchain provides a new perspective to resolve this problem. It can be used for current financial services, certificates, remittances, and online payments; meanwhile it also provides several crucial services such as smart contract, smart property, trust system, and security services. This chapter discusses how to apply blockchain to a cloud-based online auction and the principle of operation. The purpose is to fundamentally solve the problem of online fraud caused by information asymmetry of electronic transactions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that the blockchain has been applied to authentication of online auction. The preliminary contribution is for preventing auction fraud from the aspects of smart properties and smart contract.