Incomplete financial market and the sequence of international trade liberalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Ma
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Incomplete Financial Market

INTERNATIONAL TRADE TAX REVENUE AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION, A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzal Mahmood. ◽  
◽  
Kanwal Zahra ◽  
Mehmood Khalid. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Tax Revenue

Bilateral Treaties and The Most-Favored-Nation Clause: The Myth of Trade Liberalization in the Nineteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Accominotti ◽  
Marc Flandreau
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
The World ◽  
Most Favored Nation Clause ◽  
Bilateral Treaties

Textbook accounts of the Anglo-French trade agreement of 1860 argue that it heralded the beginning of a liberal trading order. This alleged success holds much interest from a modern policy point of view, for it rested on bilateral negotiations and most-favored-nation clauses. With the help of new data on international trade (the RICardo database), the authors provide empirical evidence and find that the treaty and subsequent network of MFN trade agreements coincided with the end of a period of unilateral liberalization across the world. They also find that it did not contribute to expanding trade at all. This is contrary to a deeply rooted belief among economists, economic historians, and political scientists. The authors draw a number of policy lessons that run counter to the conventional wisdom and raise skepticism toward the ability of bilateralism and MFN arrangements to promote trade liberalization.

The Mark-up Rates in Turkish Private Manufacturing Industry During Trade Liberalization

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Onaran ◽  
Nurhan Yenturk
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Striking Result ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this study is to shed light on the movements of the mark-up rate for the case of Turkey following trade liberalization. For this purpose, first the relationship between labor and non-labor costs that lies behind the movements of the mark-up rates is analyzed, and second, the effect of trade liberalization on mark-up rates is tested. The trade-off between labor and non-labor costs is analyzed based on a model, which assumes that prices are set by a mark-up over average variable costs. The paper also tests the effect of international trade on the mark-up rate and the effect of the exchange rate via its effect on competitiveness and input costs using the panel data for the sub-sectors of private manufacturing industry. The most striking result of this analysis is the absence of any strong link between foreign trade and mark-up rates.

Economic Theory and the Interpretation of GATT/WTO

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Bagwell ◽  
Robert W. Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remarkable Degree ◽  
Applied Game Theory ◽  
Key Features

Over the past 50 years, a remarkable degree of trade liberalization has been achieved through GATT/WTO negotiations. In this paper, we describe work that provides a theoretical interpretation of this institution. We emphasize two key features of GATT/WTO: reciprocity and enforcement. We also identify important areas for future research. The work described here contributes to the fields of International Trade and Applied Game Theory.

scholarly journals Trade-based money laundering: development of the «red flags» system

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
M. G. Girich ◽  
A. D. Levashenko
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Red Flags ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Intelligence Agencies ◽  
Financial Intelligence

The OECD and the FATF highlight the problem of money laundering via international trade with a view to disguising illicit gains and moving value through the use of trade transactions. For example, inaccurate invoices may be used, which, according to the Global Financial Integrity estimates, resulted in $0,9 trillion to $1,7 trillion losses in 148 countries in 2006–2015. In Russia, the authorities attempt to reduce the risks of money laundering within the framework of international trade through the use of currency regulation, while foreign countries are using a risk-based approach by developing the “red flags” systems that allow financial intelligence agencies, customs and other state bodies as well as subjects of financial market (through which the payments for export-import transactions are made) and the companies participating in international trade themselves to determine whether a transaction entails risks of money laundering. In addition, internal and international inter-agency exchange of information related to money laundering in international trade, including trade and financial data, is being developed.

scholarly journals Implikasi Prinsip Most Favoured Nation terhadap Pengaturan Tarif Impor Di Indonesia

Wajah Hukum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Dony Yusra Pebrianto
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
International Law ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
National Production

The existence of trade liberalization are faced with the fact that competition in the trade of countries particularly in this export and import kian feels very rapidly. The existence of instruments of international law contained in the General Agreement on the set fee and Trade (GATT) becomes an important point in the conception of international trade arrangements for States parties who joined GATT in the World Trade Organization (WTO). So the principles inherent in the preparation of the concept of a national law for countries that have ratified GATT. Indonesia one of the countries that have ratified GATT would of course be bound by those principles, one of which is the principle of Most Favoured Nation tariff arrangements that implicates to import in Indonesia. So the protection of local commodities closed chances though limited to keep the continuity of the national production. 

scholarly journals Economic integration in the quality ladder model

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-871
Author(s):  
Eduardo Correia de Souza
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Ladder Model ◽  
Financial Market Integration ◽  
Quality Ladder

Here we perform the same kind of "integration experiments" as in Rivera-Batiz and Romer (1991), this time in the context of a "quality ladder model", where international trade integration is not enough to prevent redundancy of R&D efforts. Thus a further kind of integration is analysed: "financial market integration". We adopt as a setup the Simple Schumpeterian Model in Aghion and Howitt (2005), whose innovation technology differs sharply from the ones conceived by Rivera-Batiz and Romer in that it displays decreasing returns to scale.

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