INTERNATIONAL TRADE TAX REVENUE AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION, A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afzal Mahmood. ◽  
◽  
Kanwal Zahra ◽  
Mehmood Khalid. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Tax Revenue

scholarly journals The Missing Economic Magic: The Failure of Trade Liberalization and Exchange Rate Devaluation in Pakistan, 1980–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (Sspecial Edition) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
The World

Pakistan and India were part of that wave of economic liberalization among developing countries from the late 1980s. This paper is about one aspect of that failure to ‘produce the economic magic’, in Pakistan. Pakistan substantially liberalized its international trade after the late 1980s, and contrary to some views managed its exchange rate in an exceptionally clear sighted and prudent manner. In response, Pakistan never experienced sustained and rapid export led-growth. In fact so disappointing was the performance of exports that Pakistan’s degree of integration with the world economy was little higher in 2015 than it had been in 1990. This paper first examines the exciting promise followed by the lackluster performance of trade liberalization. It establishes evidence that the exchange rate was managed in a way that should have helped a more liberalized trading regime contribute to economic growth. The paper explores wider evidence linking trade liberalization to economic growth and argues that the positive relationship is at best only a contingent one. Those contingent factors that have failed to support the positive link between trade liberalization and economic growth in Pakistan are investment, tax revenue, and upgrading/learning.

scholarly journals Trade Liberalization, Domestic Trade Policies and the Failure of Reducing Poverty: The Case of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Domestic Trade

The existence of international trade has provided important benefits for reducing poverty. Many countries then have concluded trade agreements, to reach this goal by committing trade liberalization. The relatively high number of poverty has raised some concerns, questioning the effectiveness of trade liberalization. Putting Indonesia as a case study, this article weighs the role of trade liberalization and domestic trade policies in reducing poverty. This article argues that the existence of domestic trade policies is more significant than trade liberalization. The unfair practices, corruption, and the overwhelming spirit of national interest that colour domestic trade policies, contribute to the failure of reducing poverty instead of trade liberalization.  

Bilateral Treaties and The Most-Favored-Nation Clause: The Myth of Trade Liberalization in the Nineteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Accominotti ◽  
Marc Flandreau
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
The World ◽  
Most Favored Nation Clause ◽  
Bilateral Treaties

Textbook accounts of the Anglo-French trade agreement of 1860 argue that it heralded the beginning of a liberal trading order. This alleged success holds much interest from a modern policy point of view, for it rested on bilateral negotiations and most-favored-nation clauses. With the help of new data on international trade (the RICardo database), the authors provide empirical evidence and find that the treaty and subsequent network of MFN trade agreements coincided with the end of a period of unilateral liberalization across the world. They also find that it did not contribute to expanding trade at all. This is contrary to a deeply rooted belief among economists, economic historians, and political scientists. The authors draw a number of policy lessons that run counter to the conventional wisdom and raise skepticism toward the ability of bilateralism and MFN arrangements to promote trade liberalization.

International Trade and the Transformation of Taiwanese Sugar Merchants: A Case Study of the Chen Fuqian Family in Takao, 1860–1905

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Pei-chen Li (李佩蓁)
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Family Organization ◽  
Business Operation ◽  
Managerial System

Focusing on the business operation of the Chen Fuqian family in south Taiwan, this paper analyses the importance of traditional business customs and family organization in international trade. Alongside the expansion of trade in Taiwan in the late Qing period, Taiwanese merchants would try to learn Western system of management to better position themselves in the intensive business competition. The development of the Chen family business thus epitomized the interaction between traditional Chinese and Western managerial system. (This article is in Chinese.)

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