Materials and design concepts for an intervertebral disc spacer. II. Multidurometer composite design

With the introduction of field-emission sources and “immersion-type” objective lenses, the resolution obtainable with modern scanning electron microscopes is approaching that obtainable in STEM and TEM-but only with specific types of specimens. Bulk specimens still suffer from the restrictions imposed by internal scattering and the need to be conducting. Advances in coating techniques have largely overcome these problems but for a sizeable body of specimens, the restrictions imposed by coating are unacceptable.For such specimens, low voltage operation, with its low beam penetration and freedom from charging artifacts, is the method of choice.Unfortunately the technical dificulties in producing an electron beam sufficiently small and of sufficient intensity are considerably greater at low beam energies — so much so that a radical reevaluation of convential design concepts is needed.The probe diameter is usually given by

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CCN2 Functions as Anti-Inflammatory Molecule in the Intervertebral Disc

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1376756 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. s-0034-1376756-s-0034-1376756

Author(s):

Makarand V. Risbud

Keyword(s):

Intervertebral Disc ◽

Inflammatory Molecule ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Loading-Induced Stress Response in the Intervertebral Disc

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1376604 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. s-0034-1376604-s-0034-1376604

Author(s):

W. H. Chooi ◽

S. C. Chan ◽

B. Gantenbein-Ritter ◽

B. P. Chan

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Intervertebral Disc ◽

Induced Stress

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Immortalization of Human Cartilage Endplate Stem Cell from Degenerated Human Intervertebral Disc

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1376589 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. s-0034-1376589-s-0034-1376589

Author(s):

M. Liu ◽

B. Huang ◽

Y. Zhou

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Intervertebral Disc ◽

Human Cartilage ◽

Cartilage Endplate

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DNA Demethylation Regulates Anabolic and Catabolic Gene Expression in Intervertebral Disc Cells

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1376587 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. s-0034-1376587-s-0034-1376587

Author(s):

N. Chutkan ◽

R. Sangani ◽

H. Zhou ◽

S. Fulzele

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Intervertebral Disc ◽

Dna Demethylation ◽

Catabolic Gene ◽

Disc Cells

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Melatonin: Protection of the Intervertebral Disc

Melatonin Research ◽

10.32794/mr11250028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Russel J Reiter ◽

Sergio Rosales-Corral ◽

Ramaswamy Sharma

Keyword(s):

Intervertebral Disc ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Intervertebral Discs ◽

Lumbar Pain ◽

Low Back ◽

Work Time ◽

Protective Actions ◽

Aging Populations ◽

Definition Of ◽

Endogenous Melatonin

Low back pain (lumbar pain) due to injury of or damage to intervertebral discs is common in all societies. The loss of work time as a result of this problem is massive. Recent research suggests that melatonin may prevent or counteract intervertebral disc damage. This may be especially relevant in aging populations given that endogenous melatonin, in most individuals, dwindles with increasing age. The publications related to melatonin and its protection of the intervertebral disc are reviewed herein, including definition of some molecular mechanisms that account for melatonin’s protective actions.

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Experience Design Applied to Research

Conference Proceedings of the Academy for Design Innovation Management ◽

10.33114/adim.2019.04.351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea CAPRA ◽

Ana BERGER ◽

Daniela SZABLUK ◽

Manuela OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Product Development ◽

Design Process ◽

Development Process ◽

Product Development Process ◽

Experience Design ◽

Low Resolution ◽

Design Concepts ◽

Innovative Products ◽

Technological Products

An accurate understanding of users' needs is essential for the development of innovative products. This article presents an exploratory method of user centered research in the context of the design process of technological products, conceived from the demands of a large information technology company. The method is oriented - but not restricted - to the initial stages of the product development process, and uses low-resolution prototypes and simulations of interactions, allowing users to imagine themselves in a future context through fictitious environments and scenarios in the ambit of ideation. The method is effective in identifying the requirements of the experience related to the product’s usage and allows rapid iteration on existing assumptions and greater exploration of design concepts that emerge throughout the investigation.

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