Immunocorregating properties of propolis and their composite forms

Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of young farm animals account for the largest percentage of all diseases. Currently, vaccines have been developed and successfully used for the specific prevention of diseases of infectious etiology, but it is not always possible to develop immunity of sufficient intensity, since vaccination without immunostimulation does not contribute to sufficient antibody formation. One of the important tasks of practical veterinary medicine was to find environmentally safe immunocorregulating substances that do not have a suppressive effect on the body. It was established that the drug ferran activated hematopoietic reactions of the body. Ferran in combination with enterozyme restores immunopoiesis and erythropoiesis to the indicators of physiological norms. The combined use of enterozyme with propolis hasda high immunostimulating effect, enhanced the productive phase of the immune response, removed the suppressive effect of the vaccine and increased the factors of natural and colonization resistance of the intestine.

Circadian Rhythm Factor in Relation to the Analysis And Interpretation of Infrared Thermography Results in the Arctic (Review)

The number of studies explaining the role of environmental factors in research using infrared thermography in the Arctic is still limited. This article is focused on circadian rhythms, which can influence both the analysis and interpretation of infrared thermography results in the Arctic. Literature published between 1981 and 2019 was selected with the help of PubMed search engine by means of a systematic search by the keyword infrared thermography using the PRISMA system. Having studied the abstracts of relevant open access articles, we selected a total of 81 papers: 40 American, 15 Russian, 11 Canadian, 6 Swedish, 4 Danish, 3 Finnish, and 2 Norwegian. Having assessed the materials and methods against the area of application (medicine and dentistry), we found 12 articles in full compliance with the selection criteria. In conclusion, taking into account different day lengths and light intensities in the Arctic, we point out three circadian rhythm mediators affecting its physiological activity. These are as follows: light of sufficient intensity, suprachiasmatic nuclei and neurotransmitters. Their influence is often reduced in the summer and is linked with changes in skin temperature. Therefore, it is important for researchers to consider time, season, and sleep patterns of the subjects during the selection process in order to obtain accurate temperature measurements using infrared thermography. For citation: Nasution A.I., Pankov M.N., Kir’yanov A.B. Circadian Rhythm Factor in the Analysis and Interpretation of Infrared Thermography Results in the Arctic (Review). Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 444–453. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z082

Radioactive Beams for Image-Guided Particle Therapy: The BARB Experiment at GSI

Several techniques are under development for image-guidance in particle therapy. Positron (β+) emission tomography (PET) is in use since many years, because accelerated ions generate positron-emitting isotopes by nuclear fragmentation in the human body. In heavy ion therapy, a major part of the PET signals is produced by β+-emitters generated via projectile fragmentation. A much higher intensity for the PET signal can be obtained using β+-radioactive beams directly for treatment. This idea has always been hampered by the low intensity of the secondary beams, produced by fragmentation of the primary, stable beams. With the intensity upgrade of the SIS-18 synchrotron and the isotopic separation with the fragment separator FRS in the FAIR-phase-0 in Darmstadt, it is now possible to reach radioactive ion beams with sufficient intensity to treat a tumor in small animals. This was the motivation of the BARB (Biomedical Applications of Radioactive ion Beams) experiment that is ongoing at GSI in Darmstadt. This paper will present the plans and instruments developed by the BARB collaboration for testing the use of radioactive beams in cancer therapy.

THE PROFILE OF STUDENTS’ EMPLOYMENT IDENTITY STATUS (A STUDY AT COMMUNITY EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM, FKIP UNIVERSITAS RIAU)

Teenagers studying at university, known as college students, have the responsibility for themselves; they are demanded to be independent in academic activities as well as to build the identity achievement by searching for information through exploration with sufficient intensity in various fields. After collecting adequate information, they need to make choices (commitment) to the field that suits thei interests and abilities. Based on a discussion conducted in the class, it was revealed that some students felt unsuitable with the study program they took; they did not know the career they would pursue while they were already in the third and fourth semesters. This was survey research with a quantitative approach. This study aimed to obtain an objective description of the Students’ Employment Identity Status at the Public Health Education FKIP Universitas Riau. The samples of this study were taken randomly from a population of 104 students. Data on the students’ (adolescents) identity status were collected through a questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis utilizing SPSS. The results of the study found that only 30.77% of students reached the achievement status while 42.31% of the students were at the level of moratorium status. In addition, 15.38% of the students at the level of Forclusure identity status and 11.54% of them were at the level of diffusion status.

Analysis and Evaluation of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Case Study of Wuhan City

As the threat of COVID-19 increases, many countries have carried out various non-pharmaceutical interventions. Although many studies have evaluated the impact of these interventions, there is a lack of mapping between model parameters and actual geographic areas. In this study, a non-pharmaceutical intervention model of COVID-19 based on a discrete grid is proposed from the perspective of geography. This model can provide more direct and effective information for the formulation of prevention and control policies. First, a multi-level grid was introduced to divide the geographical space, and the properties of the grid boundary were used to describe the quarantine status and intensity in these different spaces; this was also combined with the model of hospital isolation and self-protection. Then, a process for the spatiotemporal evolution of the early COVID-19 spread is proposed that integrated the characteristics of residents’ daily activities. Finally, the effect of the interventions was quantitatively analyzed by the dynamic transmission model of COVID-19. The results showed that quarantining is the most effective intervention, especially for infectious diseases with a high infectivity. The introduction of a quarantine could effectively reduce the number of infected humans, advance the peak of the maximum infected number of people, and shorten the duration of the pandemic. However, quarantines only function properly when employed at sufficient intensity; hospital isolation and self-protection measures can effectively slow the spread of COVID-19, thus providing more time for the relevant departments to prepare, but an outbreak will occur again when the hospital reaches full capacity. Moreover, medical resources should be concentrated in places where there is the most urgent need under a strict quarantine measure.

FOLKLORE OF THE PEOPLES OF DAGESTAN

Purpose: The article focuses on the genetic relationship of Dagestan people majority, which was reflected in the archaic layer of culture, on the processes of interethnic historical and cultural interrelations, which are generally characterized with a sufficient intensity in Dagestan. Methodology: The article is a generalizing analysis of multinational Dagestan oral-poetic creativity, the statement of the positions and conclusions on the genesis and the centuries-old functioning of a unique folkloric unity in diversity. Main Findings: Dagestan folklore material, in particular such genres as myths, legends, legends, heroic epic, heroic historical and historical songs and ballads, ritual poetry genres, unconscious lyrics, the fairy epics of its variety, parables, oral stories and anecdotes, proverbs, sayings and riddles are characterized by their commonality and mutual influences, conditioned by the historical and cultural interrelationships of Dagestan peoples. Implications: Dagestan folklore material allows us to draw important conclusions concerning not only the peculiarities of the functioning of folklore in a particular region, but also the general theory of folklore. Novelty: The very syncretic nature of folklore dictates the need for a complex attraction to the object of analysis of the verbal, musical, ethno-graphic and other components of this field of art, which makes it possible to more deeply and broader comprehend the above unity in diversity.

Noise Effect on the Temporal Patterns of Neural Synchrony

Neural synchrony in the brain is often present in an intermittent fashion, i.e., there are intervals of synchronized activity interspersed with intervals of desynchronized activity. A series of experimental studies showed that this kind of temporal patterning of neural synchronization may be very specific and may be correlated with behavior (even if the average synchrony strength is not changed). Prior studies showed that a network with many short desynchronized intervals may be functionally different from a network with few long desynchronized intervals as it may be more sensitive to synchronizing input signals. In this study, we investigated the effect of channel noise on the temporal patterns of neural synchronization. We employed a small network of conductance-based model neurons that were mutually connected via excitatory synapses. The resulting dynamics of the network was studied using the same time-series analysis methods as used in prior experimental and computational studies. While it is well known that synchrony strength generally degrades with noise, we found that noise also affects the temporal patterning of synchrony. Noise, at a sufficient intensity (yet too weak to substantially affect synchrony strength), promotes dynamics with predominantly short (although potentially very numerous) desynchronizations. Thus, channel noise may be one of the mechanisms contributing to the short desynchronization dynamics observed in multiple experimental studies.HighlightsChannel noise alters the temporal pattern of intermittent neural synchronyNoise may alter this pattern without significant change in average synchrony strengthThe resulting patterning is similar to that observed in multiple experiments

Water and Sediment Supply Requirements for Post-Wildfire Debris Flows in the Western United States

ABSTRACT This work explores two hypotheses related to runoff-related post-wildfire debris flows: 1) their initiation is limited by rainstorm intensity rather than cumulative rainfall depths and 2) they are not sediment supply limited. The first hypothesis suggests that it is common to generate more than enough rainfall to account for the volume of water in the debris flow, but to actually produce a debris flow, the water must be delivered with sufficient intensity. This is demonstrated by data from 44 debris flows from eight burned areas in California, Colorado, and Utah. Assuming a debris flow comprises 30 percent water and 70 percent solids, these events were generated during rainstorms that produced an average of 17 times as much water as necessary to develop a debris flow. Even accounting for infiltration, the rainstorms still generated an overabundance of water. Intensity dependence is also shown by numerous cases in which the exact timing of debris flows can be pinpointed and is contemporaneous with high-intensity bursts of rainfall. The hypothesis is also supported by rainfall intensity-duration thresholds where high-volume storms without high-intensity bursts do not generate debris flows. The second hypothesis of sediment-supply independence for the initiation of debris flows is supported by a significant increase in flow volume occurring directly after wildfire, compared to flows in unburned terrain. Also, repeated flows within short time intervals are only possible with an abundance of channel sediment, dry ravel, and bank failure material that can be mobilized. Field observations confirm these sediment sources, even directly after a debris-flow.

Forming Sustainable Physical Activity Programs Among Young Elderly - A Combined ELM & UTAUT Approach

There is consensus in health studies that regular physical activities of sufficient intensity and duration contribute to better health both in the short and long term. In an ongoing research program, we focus on getting the young elderly, the 60-75 years age group, to adopt and include physical activities as part of their daily routines. One reason for addressing young elderly is large numbers – in Finland health care costs for the elderly was 3.7 B€ in 2019 and will increase dramatically if the young elderly group is in bad shape when they reach the 75+ age group. We are finding out that systematic physical activities can serve as preventive health care for the young elderly. We are also learning that digital services can be instrumental for building sustainable physical activity programs.

Stabilization of 3D Navier–Stokes–Voigt equations

We consider 3D Navier–Stokes–Voigt equations in smooth bounded domains with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. First, we study the existence and exponential stability of strong stationary solutions to the problem. Then we show that any unstable steady state can be exponentially stabilized by using either an internal feedback control with a support large enough or a multiplicative Itô noise of sufficient intensity.