Delayed response in the rat frontal lobe transcriptome to perinatal exposure to the flame retardant BDE-47

Carlyle Jacobsen and John Fulton, at Yale in the early and mid-1930s, investigated primate frontal lobe function. Following bilateral frontal lobecotomy, monkeys and chimpanzees developed a delayed-response deficit, being unable to perform tasks when there was a significant delay between the stimulus and the required response. There were accompanying behavioural changes, with the animals becoming more placid and lethargic and losing their characteristic inquisitive initiative. They became distractible, with difficulty in maintaining an attention set. They had great difficulty in adapting to changes in the directions of an already learned task, tending to perseverate.

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From theory to practice: The contribution of John Farquhar Fulton (1899–1960) to psychosurgery

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.393 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S374-S375

Author(s):

P. Michielsen ◽

L. De Jonge ◽

S. Petrykiv ◽

M. Arts

Keyword(s):

Frontal Lobe ◽

Limbic System ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Delayed Response ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Correct Location ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionJohn Farquhar Fulton was an American neurophysiologist and historian, who pioneered psychosurgery based on animal experiments. Together with psychologist Carlyle Jacobsen, Fulton presented the results of bilateral frontal lobe ablation in chimpanzees. This study prompted neurologist Egas Moniz and neurologist Walter Freeman to perform similar brain surgery on human subjects.ObjectivesTo present the scientific papers of John Farquhar Fulton on psychosurgery.AimsTo review available literature and to show evidence that John Farquhar Fulton made a significant contribution to the development of psychosurgery.MethodsA biography and research papers are presented and discussed.ResultsFulton and Jacobsen experimented with ‘delayed response tasks’ in chimpanzees. The aim was to test the animal's capability to memorize the correct location of the food. They found that after sequential ablations of the left and right frontal association cortices these memory tasks became significantly difficult for the monkeys to perform. The researchers saw parallel conclusions in clinical cases of human frontal lobe damage.ConclusionsAn investigation into the role of the limbic system is one of the crowning achievements of John Farquhar Fulton, as this has influenced even today's thinking about the role of the limbic system. We should thank Fulton for his pioneering work as modern psychosurgery has gradually evolved from irreversible ablation to reversible stimulation techniques, including deep brain stimulation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Cortical dysfunction and schizophrenic deficit. Preliminary findings with the delayed reaction paradigm

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1017/s0924933800005277 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Partiot ◽

R Jouvent ◽

B Dubois ◽

M Verin ◽

M Montreuil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basal Ganglia ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Delayed Response ◽

Delayed Reaction ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Behavioural Profile ◽

Response Task ◽

Cortical Dysfunction

SummaryPerformance of patients with schizophrenia (n = 15) was compared to that of patients with vascular ischemic lesions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (n= 10) and to age-matched controls (n= 15) in delayed reaction tasks known to be specific markers of the functions of the frontal lobe. The performance of patients with schizophrenia was similar to that of patients with prefrontal lesions in the delayed response task (DR) and the spatial discrimination-reversal task (SD and RV) but not in the delayed alternation task (DA) in which they performed as well as controls. The behavioural profile of responses in delayed reaction tasks for the schizophrenic patients was identical to that of patients with basal ganglia lesions reported in a previous study. These results suggest that in some patients with schizophrenia, a frontal lobe deficit could be indirectly induced by a dysfunction of the basal ganglia. This problem could be due either to the pathological process itself or to the effect of the neuroleptic treatment.

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Perinatal exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a brominated flame retardant, exacerbated the pneumonia in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected offspring mice

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.2131/jts.42.789 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 789-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wataru Watanabe ◽

Akihiko Hirose ◽

Tomomi Takeshita ◽

Seiko Hashiguchi ◽

Kentaro Sakata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Tetrabromobisphenol A ◽

Perinatal Exposure ◽

Brominated Flame Retardant ◽

Syncytial Virus

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Formation of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111628 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 302-303

Author(s):

J. Metuzals ◽

D. F. Clapin ◽

V. Montpetit

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Giant Axon ◽

Paired Helical Filaments ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Protein Assemblies ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Helical Symmetry ◽

Structural Levels

Information on the conformation of paired helical filaments (PHF) and the neurofilamentous (NF) network is essential for an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the primary lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD): tangles and plaques. The structural and chemical relationships between the NF and the PHF have to be clarified in order to discover the etiological factors of this disease. We are investigating by stereo electron microscopic and biochemical techniques frontal lobe biopsies from patients with AD and squid giant axon preparations. The helical nature of the lesion in AD is related to pathological alterations of basic properties of the nervous system due to the helical symmetry that exists at all hierarchic structural levels in the normal brain. Because of this helical symmetry of NF protein assemblies and PHF, the employment of structure reconstruction techniques to determine the conformation, particularly the handedness of these structures, is most promising. Figs. 1-3 are frontal lobe biopsies.

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Letter Verbal Fluency in Spanish-, Basque-, and Catalan-Speaking Individuals: Does the Selection of the Letters Influence the Outcome?

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (7) ◽

pp. 2400-2410

Author(s):

Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa ◽

Itziar Benito-Sánchez ◽

Montserrat Alegret ◽

Anna Gailhajanet ◽

Esther Landa Torre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frontal Lobe ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Native Language ◽

Spanish Speakers ◽

Crucial Step ◽

Verbal Fluency Test ◽

Performance Differences ◽

Frontal Lobe Functioning ◽

Selection Of ◽

Fluency Test

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare Basque and Catalan bilinguals' performance on the letter verbal fluency test and determine whether significant differences are present depending on the letters used and the language of administration. Method The sample consisted of 87 Spanish monolinguals, 139 Basque bilinguals, and 130 Catalan bilinguals from Spain. Participants completed the letter verbal fluency test using the letters F, A, S, M, R, P, and E. Results Bilinguals scored higher on the letter verbal fluency test when they were tested in Spanish than in Basque or Catalan. No performance differences were found according to native language or dialects within Basque participants. Catalans with Spanish as their native language scored lower on the letter F compared to those who grew up speaking Catalan and Spanish. The suggested letters to use with Basque speakers are A, E, and B; the suggested letters to use with Catalan speakers are P, F, and M; and the suggested letters to use with Spanish speakers are M, R, and P. Conclusion Selecting appropriate stimuli depending on the language of testing is the first crucial step to assess verbal fluency and thus possible frontal lobe functioning impairment.

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